HER2阳性乳腺癌的靶向治疗进展

Advances in targeted therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer

21世纪以来,抗人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)靶向药物的不断发展,为HER2阳性乳腺癌患者提供更多的治疗选择并显著改善了生存预后。当前抗HER2靶向药物主要包括曲妥珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗等单克隆抗体类药物,拉帕替尼、奈拉替尼等小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,T-DM1、T-DXd等抗体药物偶联物,这些药物在不同病程中扮演着极其重要的角色。HER2阳性乳腺癌的治疗是以曲妥珠单抗的靶向治疗为基础,具有高危因素的早期患者可进行强化靶向治疗进一步改善预后,而晚期患者则需要对靶向治疗方案合理排兵布阵以克服耐药,延长生存。本文将从疾病各个阶段的抗HER2靶向治疗现状、最新研究进展以及对抗HER2靶向治疗未来的展望进行综述。

Since the beginning of the 21st century,with the continuous development of anti-HER2-targeted drugs,more treatment options have been provided for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and the survival prognosis has been significantly improved.At present,anti-HER2 targeted drugs mainly include monoclonal antibody drugs such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab,small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as lapatinib and neratinib,and antibody-drug conjugates such as TDM1 and T-DXd,which play an extremely important role in different disease processes.The treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer is based on targeted therapy with trastuzumab.Early-stage patients with high risk factors can be treated with intensive targeted therapy to further improve the prognosis,while advanced patients need a reasonable arrangement of targeted therapy to overcome drug resistance and prolong survival.This article will review the current status,the latest research progress and the future prospects of anti-HER2 targeted therapy in different stages of the disease.