鱼类细胞自噬与炎症反应

Autophagy and Inflammation in Fish

细胞自噬和炎症反应是先天性免疫的重要组成部分。细胞自噬是通过溶酶体降解自身组分以维持细胞稳态的一种高度保守的代谢过程,在降解受损的细胞器、抵抗病原感染、调节炎症反应等方面具有举足轻重的地位。在过去的几十年里,对酵母和哺乳动物自噬的研究显著增加了人们对自噬及其与人类疾病关系的理解:调节自噬水平可用于预防或治疗神经退行性疾病、炎症性疾病、肿瘤以及各种病原微生物感染。炎症反应是一个高度复杂的生物过程,是机体在受到紫外线、病原体感染、氧化应激以及机械性损伤等刺激下的一种自然防御反应。鱼类作为低等的脊椎动物,其获得性免疫功能较为低下,先天性免疫是其抵御病原体感染的主要防线。相较于高等动物,鱼类细胞自噬研究虽起步较晚,但近些年围绕病原感染引起的自噬现象及机制、自噬相关基因的表达调控等方面已取得较多进展。作为先天免疫的重要组成部分,自噬参与多种鱼类病原感染,而鱼类疾病通常伴随炎症反应的发生。基于此,本文对于鱼类病原感染引起的细胞自噬、炎症反应以及二者之间相关性研究进行系统阐述,以期深入理解鱼类细胞自噬的发生机制及其与炎症反应的相关关系,为全面解析鱼类的免疫机制提供指导,为制定鱼类疾病防控策略提供依据。

Autophagy and inflammation are the important physiological reactions,especially in innate immunity.Autophagy,as a conservative metabolic process,can degrade its own disorder components through lysosomes to maintain cell homeostasis.Autophagy plays a pivotal role in degrading damaged organelles,resisting pathogenic infection and regulating inflammatory response.In the past decades,the study of autophagy in yeast and mammals has greatly increased our understanding for autophagy and its relationship with the diseases.In human,the regulation on autophagy levels can be used to prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases,inflammatory diseases,tumors and various pathogenic microbial infections.However,in fish,the researches on autophagy and application are limited.Inflammation is a highly complex biological process,which is a natural defense response under the stimulation of ultraviolet,pathogen infection,oxidative stress and mechanical damage.Fish,as a lower vertebrate,has an incomplete acquired immune system.Innate immunity plays an important role in defensing against pathogen infection.Compared with higher vertebrate animals,although the researches on autophagy in fish cells were carried out lately,the great progress has been made in recent years on autophagy phenomenon,expression regulation of autophagy-related genes,and mechanism caused by pathogenic infection.As an important part of innate immunity,autophagy is involved in a variety of fish pathogenic infections,and fish diseases are usually accompanied by inflammatory reaction.In this review,we summarized the update findings in recent references on the autophagy and inflammatory response caused by pathogenic infection in fish,and the correlation between them,in order to deeply understand the correlation relationship between autophagy and inflammatory response in fish.This review could provide the guidance for understanding the immune mechanism of fish,and supply the foundation for developing new strategy to prevent and control fish disease.