非营养型甜味剂的使用现状及对人体的生理影响

Current usage of non-nutritive sweeteners and their physiological effects on human body

介绍了非营养型甜味剂(Nonnutritive Sweetener,NNS)种类、使用以及对人体的生理影响。指出目前研究NNS安全性时,仅考虑了食品中显性NNS摄入总量(在每日允许摄入量范围内,加工食品中的NNS总量),将来研究应该将隐性NNS摄入总量(蔬菜、水果、饮用水等含有的NNS总量)计入每日允许摄入量;研究NNS对人体影响时,可通过设计合理的体外实验、动物实验,明确NNS对人体的肠道微生物群、内分泌系统、肝脏、骨骼、血液、大脑等的影响机制,在研究中注意婴幼儿、孕妇、有无代谢性疾病、种族的差异,需要基因组学、生物组学等多学科联用,协作完成;找寻开发天然的NNS时,借助天然产物全合成技术,解决罗汉果甜苷、甜菊糖苷等植物性NNS的生长周期限制。

The types of non-nutritive sweeteners(NNS),their usages and physiological effects on human body were discussed.Current research on the safety of NNS primarily focuses on the explicit intake of NNS(the total amount of NNS in processed food within the daily allowable intake).However,the implicit intake of NNS(total NNS in vegetables,fruits,drinking water,etc.)should also be taken into the consideration in the daily allowable intake for the future research.When studying the effects of NNS on human body,it is important to design reasonable in vitro and animal experiments to clarify the mechanisms of NNS on gut microbiota,endocrine system,liver,bone,blood,brain and other relevant aspects.Special attention should be given to vulnerable populations such as infants,pregnant women,individuals with metabolic disease,and variations in ethnicity.This requires the collaboration of multi-disciplinary areas such as genomics,bionomics.In the research and development of natural NNS,the issue of growth cycle limitations in plant-based NNS such as mogroside and stevia should be solved by adopting fully synthetic technology for natural products.