异体浓缩血小板治疗慢性难愈性创面的影响因素

Factors influencing allogeneic platelet concentrate in chronic refractory wounds

背景:自体富血小板血浆的临床应用受患者本身以及血小板数量和活性的限制。由采供血机构制备的浓缩血小板,来源广泛,可程序化、标准化制备,其临床应用日益广泛。目的:综述白膜法制备浓缩血小板治疗慢性难愈性创面的影响因素。方法:应用计算机检索2000年1月至2023年4月PubMed数据库、中国知网、万方医学网与血小板相关的文章,中文检索词为“异体血小板,白膜法,皮肤溃疡,难愈性创面”,英文检索词为“allogeneic platelets(concentrate),buffy-coat method,skin ulcer,refractory wounds”。筛选标题和摘要,查阅全文,最后纳入符合主题标准的文献有51篇。结果与结论:(1)采供血机构供应的浓缩血小板对糖尿病足创面、压疮、下肢静脉溃疡等慢性难愈性创面具有一定的效果,主要体现在缩小溃疡面积、缩短伤口愈合时间,特别是在浓缩血小板使用的前2周,促愈合效果显著;(2)制备浓缩血小板的原料保存条件(全血过夜/白膜过夜、振荡/静置时间)、离心条件(离心参数、装罐方式)以及血袋的结构等会影响浓缩血小板的浓度,间接影响异体浓缩血小板的疗效;(3)异体浓缩血小板对慢性难愈性创面治疗的研究也存在一些问题,现有证据样本量较小,结果缺乏一定说服力,浓缩血小板促进不同创面愈合的最佳制备参数、最佳剂量以及治疗方案未知,还需要更多随机、多中心临床试验进行验证。

BACKGROUND:Clinical application of autologous platelet-rich plasma is limited by the condition of patients and by the quantity and activity of platelets.Transfusable platelet component blood platelet concentrates,collected and prepared by blood collection and supply agencies,are widely available,can be OBJECTIVE:To review the factors influencing the preparation of platelet concentrate by the buffy-coat method for the treatment of chronic refractory wounds.METHODS:A computer search of the PubMed,CNKI,and WanFang databases for platelet-related articles from January 2000 to April 2023 was conducted using the Chinese and English search terms“allogeneic platelets(concentrate),buffy-coat method,skin ulcer,refractory wounds”.The titles and abstracts were screened,and the full text was reviewed,resulting in the inclusion of 51 articles that met the subject criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Platelet concentrates supplied by blood collection and supply agencies are effective in the treatment of diabetic foot wounds,pressure sores,lower limb venous ulcers and other chronic refractory wounds:reducing the size of the ulcer and shortening the wound healing time,especially in the first two weeks,with significant healing-promoting effects.(2)The storage conditions of the raw material used to prepare platelet concentrates(whole blood overnight/buffy-coat overnight,shaking/resting(time)),centrifugation conditions(centrifugation parameters,canning method)and the structure of the blood bag can affect the concentration of platelet concentrates,indirectly affecting the efficacy of allogeneic platelet concentrates.(3)There are also some problems with studies of allogeneic platelet concentrates for the treatment of chronic refractory wounds,such as the sample size of the available evidence is small,the results lack the optimal preparation parameters,optimal dose and treatment regimen for platelet concentrates to promote healing of different wounds are unknown,so more randomized multicenter clinical studies are needed.