龙山时期家户结构与社会组织形态试探

A Discussion of the Household Structure and Forms of Social Organization in the Longshan Period

龙山时期处在重要的历史变动期,尽管不同地区、不同阶段的社会组织各有不同,但社会基本组织形态已可明确,其中,最基本的生活单位是家户,最基本的经济单位是父系大家庭,最基本的社会单位是家族。在文明起源与发展中,原有的血缘组织并未被地缘组织所取代,而是经历了一系列聚合、裂解与重组,形成了以城邑为主导的宗法血缘组织形态。龙山文化形态与古代世界普遍发现的城邦政体并不具有结构上的相似性,中国古代文明有着自身独特的起源与发展路径。

There had been occurred significant historical changes in the Longshan period.Although social organizations varied in different areas and periods,the basic form of social organizations still can be confirmed,in which household acted as the most fundamental living unit,patrilineal family acted as the most fundamental economic unit,and family acted as the most fundamental social unit.In the origin and development of civilization,the original consanguineous organizations were not replaced by geo-organizations,but formed organizations of patriarchal consanguinity dominated by cities and towns through series of aggregation,division,and recombination.There did not exist such structural similarity between the form of Longshan Culture and the city-state system generally discovered in ancient world as some scholars stated,and ancient Chinese civilization had its own path of origin and evolution.