新出文献与先秦“世系”类材料的流传

New Documents and the Spread of Genealogy Materials in the Pre-Qin Times

新出文献为讨论先秦时期的“世系”类材料提供了绝佳的视角。“世系”类材料由“世系”类文献、资料组成。祀谱、颂扬是“世系”类文献的流传主体。祀谱类“世系”文献以血缘关系为纽带,记录着祖先名号、功业及宗族权力的代际传承。颂扬类“世系”文献较祀谱类更进一步,将地缘因素纳入视野。经过系统整理,“世系”类资料被纳入成篇的文章,从中可见不同地域、不同姓族的地缘、血缘间相互串联,汇聚为多元一体的华夏族群世系。宗庙祭祀中追溯祖先系谱以确认自身位置是“世系”文献流传的原初动力。在周代宗法社会情境之下,因其作为贵族子弟的教育材料而成为社会共同文化背景,“世系”类材料被经常使用在宴饮会盟、臣下进谏、著书立说等不同情境。以清华简为代表的楚竹书“世系”类文献在楚地的整理、流传亦体现出“多闻善败以鉴戒”的叙事主题。

The newly released literature provides an excellent perspective for discussing the genealogy materials in the pre-Qin period.Genealogy materials are consisted of genealogy literature and genealogy materials in literature with two types or functions of sacrifice and eulogization.The former type was linked by blood ties,recording the intergenerational inheritance of ancestral names,achievements,and clan power;while the latter went further,and geographical factors had been incorporated into the field of vision.After systematic organization,genealogy materials have been included in articles,from which we can see that the geographical and blood relationships of different regions and surnames are interconnected,converging into a diverse and integrated Chinese ethnic genealogy.Tracing ancestral genealogy to confirm one's own position in ancestral temple worship is the original driving force behind the spread of genealogy literature.In the patriarchal social context of the Zhou dynasty,genealogy materials were often used in different contexts such as banquets and alliances,courtiers'remonstrances,and writing books and speeches,as they became the common cultural background of society as educational materials for aristocratic children.The organization and dissemination of genealogy literature in Chu bamboo scripts represented by bamboo slips collected at Tsinghua University,also reflects the narrative theme of learning from good deeds and defeats for warning in the Chu region.