美国超常儿童教育发展的逻辑路向和实践路径

The Logical and Practical Approaches to the Development of Education for the Gifted Children in the United States

发展超常儿童教育是美国支持卓越人才培养,保障超常儿童群体禀赋得以充分发展的重要举措。美国超常儿童教育发展的三重逻辑路向包括满足超常儿童差异化发展需要的育人逻辑,回应国际竞争对特殊人才供给需求的历史逻辑,维护教育与社会公平发展要求的社会逻辑。美国超常儿童教育发展表征为教育体系一体化、教育实践专业化和培养方式多样化等。美国完善超常儿童教育政策,构建超常儿童教育制度体系;确保超常儿童教师专业化发展,维持具有胜任力的教师队伍;拓展学校资优课程内容,满足超常儿童个性化发展;汇聚超常儿童教育机构力量,形成协同的社会支持体系等实践路径,对我国制定系统的超常儿童教育政策、设置多样的教育课程、培养专业的教师队伍和建构多元的支持体系,保障超常儿童特殊天赋和才能的发展,为卓越人才培养提供全面保障具有重要借鉴价值。

The development of education for gifted children is a powerful initiative in the United States to support the elite talents and ensure the full development of endowments of gifted children.The triple logic of the development of education for gifted children in the US includes the nurturing logic of meeting the differentiated developmental needs of them,the historical logic of responding to the demand for special talents in international competition,and the social logic of maintaining the requirements for equitable development of education and society.The development of education for gifted children in the United States is characterized by the integration of the education system,the specialization of education practices and the diversification of training methods.In order to ensure the implementation of the education system for gifted children,the United States adopted the policy system of perfecting the education for gifted children,ensuring the professional development of teachers for gifted children,expanding the model and content of gifted curriculum and building a professional cooperative social support system to meet the individual development of gifted children.This is an important reference for China to develop a systematic education policy system for the education of gifted children,set up a diversified education curriculum,cultivate a professional team of teachers and construct a diversified support system to guarantee the development of the special gifts and talents of gifted children and provide comprehensive protection for the cultivation of outstanding talents.