刺参养殖池塘患病区域沉积物菌群结构与功能特征

The structural and functional characterization of bacterial community in sediments of diseased area of Apostichopus japonicus culture pond

为探究刺参养殖池塘患病区域沉积物菌群结构与功能特征,本文采用高通量测序技术开展同一刺参养殖池塘患病区域与正常区域沉积物菌群结构与功能共性及特异性研究。结果表明:与正常区域相比,患病区域刺参养殖池塘沉积物菌群多样性无显著差异,但丰富度显著下降(P<0.05);门水平下,患病与正常区域刺参养殖池塘沉积物优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes);患病区域沉积物特异性菌群则主要隶属于放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria),以假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、弧菌属(Vibrio)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、Aliivibrio为代表;基于KEGG代谢通路注释,患病区域与正常区域刺参养殖池塘沉积物菌群代谢通路存在差异,其中有36条三级代谢通路呈现出显著性差异(P<0.05),主要表现在糖胺聚糖降解、蛋白质的消化和吸收、各种类型的氮聚糖生物合成等通路显著性上调;正常与患病刺参养殖池塘沉积物菌群结构与功能存在显著性差异,其中弧菌、假交替单胞菌和葡萄球菌等条件致病菌的增殖加大了刺参患病的风险。

To clarify the structure and function of sediment bacterial community in diseased areas of Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds,an experiment was conducted to examine the commonness and specificity of sediment bacterial community between diseased and normal areas in an A.japonicus culture pond by high-throughput sequencing.The results showed that there was no difference in the diversity of sediment bacterial community between diseased and normal areas,but richness was significantly lower in diseased areas(P<0.05).At the phylum level,Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant bacteria in the sediments of the diseased and normal areas.The speci-fic bacterial community in sediments of the diseased areas mainly belonged to Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria,represented by Pseudoalteromonas,Vibrio,Staphylococcus,and Aliivibrio.The results of KEGG metabolic pathway annotation showed that there was significant difference for sediment bacterial communities in diseased and normal areas,with significant differences in 36 tertiary metabolic pathways(P<0.05),represented by significant up-regulations in the pathways of glycosaminoglycan degradation,protein digestion and absorption,and various types of nitroglycan biosynthesis.Our results indicated that there were significant differences in the structure and function of sediment bacterial community in normal and diseased areas of A.japonicus culture pond,and that the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens such as Vibrio,Pseudoalteromonas,and Staphylococcus increased the risk of A.japonicus suffering disease.