20-21世纪后苏联空间国家地缘文化转型研究——以城市改名为例

Geocultural transformation of the post-Soviet space countries from the 20th to the 21st century:in the case of cities'renaming phenomenon

本文以城市改名历史资料为基础,研究苏联加盟共和国地缘文化空间的变化。不少苏联加盟共和国,包括阿塞拜疆、摩尔多瓦、哈萨克斯坦、土库曼斯坦等,50%以上的城市发生名称更迭,可归类为重构文化空间。这类国家的转型表现出对苏联遗产持革命态度和对语言文化改革的积极性特征;吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦两国则属于变异文化空间;大多数苏联加盟共和国属于微变异文化空间,更名占比低于25%。这些国家包括鸟克兰、白俄罗斯、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、爱沙尼亚、亚美尼亚、格鲁吉亚和乌兹别克斯坦,其中有些国家语言文化改革节奏缓慢;另外一些国家,如波罗的海国家、亚美尼亚、格鲁吉亚等,改名浪潮早在苏联政权建立以前或苏联时期就已结束。

The article studies the spatial geocultural transformation of former republics of the Soviet Union based on historical materials on the renaming of cities.A number of former republics of Soviet Union,including Azerbaijan,Moldova,Kazakhstan,Turkmenistan,can be categorized as countries with a transformed cultural space,where over 50% of cities were renamed.These countries are characterized by the revolutionary attitude towards the Soviet heritage and enthusiasm for cultural and linguistic innovations.Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan are countries with a changed cultural space.A majority of former republics of Soviet Union,including Ukraine,Belarus,Latvia,Lithuania,Estonia,Armenia,Georgia,and Uzbekistan,are countries with a slightly changed cultural space,where less than 25%of cities were renamed.Some of these countries are characterized by a slow pace of cultural and linguistic innovations.Moreover,countries such as the Baltic countries,Armenia,and Georgia had experienced waves of renaming cities long before the establishment of Soviet regime or during the soviet era.