述论《关雎》诗解

Study of Interpretations of Poem Guan Ju in the Multiple Dynasties

“诗解”一词包含两层意蕴,一是对诗文本的疏解,二是对诗所负载的社会功用的判定。《关雎》原为先民歌谣,在儒学独尊的背景下被奉为圭臬,历代研究者对其不断注解疏正,诗解延传更迭,赋予《关雎》个人进德、主文谲谏、人伦教化等社会意义或功能。回顾千年的《关雎》诗解史,“诗学”和“经学”构成了两条基本的阐释路径。该文选取《关雎》诗解发展中较为重要的时间节点,论及先秦、两汉、宋代、清代、近代的代表诗解,希冀以此把握《关雎》诗解的发展脉络。新时代再读《关雎》,其体现了完满的男女相合之义,当为礼制影响下的爱情诗之冠冕,是古典爱情诗歌范式。

The term"Interpretations of Poem"contains two layers of meaning:the first is the interpretation of the text of the poem,and the second is the determination of the social function that the poem is loaded with.Guan Ju was originally a poem of the first people and was held in high esteem in the context of Confucianism,with successive generations of researchers commenting on and correcting it,and interpretations of the poem being passed down from generation to generation,giving Guan Ju social significance or function in terms of personal virtue,advice,and the teaching of human morality.Looking back at the history of the interpretation of Guan Ju over a thousand years,"poetics"and"Study of Confucian Classics"constitute two basic paths of interpretation.This paper selects important points in the development of the poetic interpretation of Guan Ju and analyses representative poetic interpretations from the pre-Qin period,the Han dynasty,the Song dynasty,the Qing dynasty and the modern era.Rereading Guan Ju,its embodiment of the meaning of perfect male-female harmony is the crown of ritual-influenced love poetry,the paradigm of classical love poetry.