乾隆《成窑鸡缸歌》在19世纪英国的翻译与传播

The Translation and Dissemination of Qianlong's Ode to the Chicken Bowl Cup Made by the Official Kiln in Chenghua Period in 19th Century England

乾隆《成窑鸡缸歌》英译本是19世纪英国汉学过渡时期的重要成果之一,曾于1809年和1816年两次在伦敦出版,译者均为斯蒂芬·韦斯顿。译本诗稿来自一个中国瓷杯,韦斯顿借助多部西传欧洲的汉语字典及当时欧洲各国的汉语研究成果完成翻译的。由于韦斯顿不了解原诗语言形式,1809年的译本出现了严重的断句错误,1816年的修订版翻译质量较高,但仍存在不少错误。《成窑鸡缸歌》英译本体现了乾隆诗歌在19世纪英国知识阶层的实际影响力和英国早期业余汉学家的汉语认知水平,彰显了中国物质文明在中英早期文学交流中发挥的重要作用。

The English translation of Emperor Qianlong's Ode to the Chicken Bowl Cup Made by the Official Kiln in Chenghua Period is an important achievement of the transitional period of British Sinology in the 19th century.It was translated and published twice in London in 1809 and 1816,both by Stephen Weston.The translated poetry manuscript comes from a Chinese porcelain cup.Weston's translation was completed through the use of multiple Western European Chinese dictionaries and the research results of Chinese language in various European countries at that time.Due to Weston's lack of understanding of the language form of the original poem,there were serious errors in the 1809 translation.The revised version in 1816 had a higher translation quality,but there were still many errors.The translated version reflects the actual influence of Qianlong's poetry on the 19th century British intelligentsia,represents the level of Chinese cognition of early British amateur sinologists,and highlights the important role of China's material civilization in the early literary exchanges between China and Britain.