河南省春运人口流动格局及形成机制

Pattern and Formation Mechanism of Population Flow During the Spring Festival Travel Rush in Henan Province

以河南省18个省辖市为研究对象,基于百度迁徙大数据和河南省统计年鉴资料,并结合引力模型对河南省内春运人口迁徙格局进行分析,探究省内人口流动的形成机制。结果表明:河南省内春运人口迁徙在春节前后存在明显的差异性,主要表现为郑州与其他城市之间的“回乡潮”和“返工潮”;人口主要流动方向与省内以郑州为核心的“米”字形高铁网走向基本一致,但中小城市之间的人口流动不强;从引力模型结果看,城市间引力值与人口迁移强度具有高相关性,较清晰地显示出郑州“一核”,洛阳“一副”,其他城市“多点”分布的全省城市群空间格局;除经济、距离和社会文化等因素外,城市体系对人口迁徙方向有显著的影响。

Taking 18 cities under the jurisdiction of provincial city as the research object,based on Baidu migration big data and Henan provincial statistical yearbook,combiningwith gravity model,we analyzed the population migration pattern in Henan Province during the Spring Festival Travel Rush,and explored the formation mechanism of population flow.The results show that it’s obvious to notice differences in the population migration during the Spring Festival Travel Rush inHenan before and after the Spring Festival,which is mainly reflected in the“return to hometown”and“rework tide”between Zhengzhou and other cities.Besides,the main direction of population flow is basically the same as the direction of high-speed rail network with Zhengzhou as the core in the province,but the population flow between small and medium cities is not strong.Based onthe results of gravitational model,the inter-city gravitational value has a high correlation with the intensity of population migration,which clearly shows the spatial pattern of provincial urban agglomeration with Zhengzhou as the“core”,Luoyang as the“secondary”,and other cities as the“multi-point”distribution.In addition to economic,distance,social and cultural factors,the urban system has a significant impact on the direction of Human migration.