有髯鸢尾数量性状的变异及分级研究

Study on the Variation and Grading of Quantitative Characteristics of Bearded Irises

为更好地对有髯鸢尾品种进行综合评价和DUS测试,以中型和高型两种类型有髯鸢尾的150个品种为研究材料,对12个数量性状的变异情况、分布规律、分级处理和相关性进行了初步研究。结果表明,除株高外,两种类型有髯鸢尾的11个性状间呈极显著差异,建议DUS测试时,两种类型应该分别进行分级处理。12个性状的变异系数在8.50%~38.17%之间,变异系数较大的是花朵数和分枝数;花柱分枝长度和花柱分枝宽度变异系数均大于10%,因此,建议将其增列为有髯鸢尾DUS测试的选测指标。Shapiro-Wilk检验发现,两种类型有髯鸢尾的花朵数与分枝数不符合正态分布,分级时按照实测数据进行。高型有髯鸢尾花柱分枝宽度分布曲线呈一个高尖的峰态,但数据基本对称,分级时按照正态分布处理。其余性状符合正态分布或近似于正态分布。正态分布性状统一用(X-1.2818 S)、(X-0.5246 S)、(X+0.5246 S)和(X+1.2818 S)分为5级,使性状值落入1~5级的概率分别为10%、20%、40%、20%和10%,或用(X-0.5246 S)和(X+0.5246 S)2个分点分为3级,性状值落入3级的概率分别为30%,40%和30%。株高和叶片长度变异幅度相对较大,分为1、3、5、7、9五级,其余性状分为3、5、7三级。两种类型有髯鸢尾的垂瓣长度与旗瓣长度、垂瓣宽度与旗瓣宽度、分枝数与花朵数3组数量性状呈极显著正相关,相关系数均超过0.707。

To make better evaluation and DUS test on the bearded iris,150 varieties of median irises and tall bearded irises were selected as research materials,and the variation,distribution,grading and correlation of 12 quantitative characteristics were preliminarily studied.The results showed that there were significant differences between the two types of bearded irises in 11 characteristics except p lant height.T herefore,grading treatment should be carried out respectively in the DUS test guidelines for the two types of bearded irises.The coefficients of variation of 12 characteristics ranged from 8.50%to 38.17%,and the coefficients of variation of flower number and branch number were higher.The coefficients of variation of style branch length and style branch width were both higher than 10%,so it was recommended to add them as the optional characteristics in the DUS test guidelines for bearded irises.Shapiro-Wilk test showed that the number of flowers and branches of the two types of bearded irises did not conform to the normal distribution,and the grading was conducted according to the measured data.The distribution curve of style branch width of tall bearded irises showed a high-point-ed peak state,but the data were basically symmetric,and the grading was treated as normal distribu-tion.The other characteristics conformed to normal distribution or approximate normal distribution.The values of nomally distributed characteristics could be divided,in a unified way,into5 grades by 4 dividing points:(X-1.2818 S),(X-0.5246 S),(X+0.5246 S)and(X+1.2818 S),or into 3 grades by(X-0.5246 S)and(X+0.5246 S).In the former case,the occurrence probability of 1-5 grade was 10%,20%,40%,20%and 10%respectively.In the latter case,the probability of 1-3 grade was 30%,40%and 30%respectively.The variation of plant height and leaf length was rela-tively large,which were divided into 5 grades:1,3,5,7 and 9,while the other characteristics were divided into 3,5 and 7 grades.The three groups of quantitative characteristics of the two types of bearded irises showed significant positive correlation between the fall length and the standard length,the fall width and the standard width,and the number of branches and the number of flowers,of which correlation coefficients were higher than 0.707.