茄果类蔬菜残体混合基质对黄瓜育苗的影响

Effects of compound substrate with residues of Solanaceous vegetables on cucumber seedling

为更好地解决茄果类蔬菜残体处置问题,以茄果类蔬菜残体为原料,以鸡粪、发酵菌剂为添加物,设置4个残体堆置发酵处理,将发酵完成残体与商品育苗基质复配成混合基质,研究混合基质对黄瓜种子出苗率、幼苗形态和叶绿素含量、幼苗生物量、幼苗根系生长指标的影响,并对幼苗生物量、根系指标等进行相关性分析。结果表明,没有添加物的茄果类蔬菜残体发酵后,与商品育苗基质1:3复配的混合基质,使单株黄瓜幼苗根系体积和根系表面积分别增加0.30 cm^(3)和8.66 cm^(2)。黄瓜幼苗干物质积累速率(G值)与单株鲜重、单株干重、地上部分干重、地下部分干重和壮苗指数呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关;壮苗指数与单株鲜重、单株干重、地上部分干重和地下部分干重呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关;干物质含量与单株鲜重呈极显著(P<0.01)负相关。此外,黄瓜幼苗根尖数与根系长度、根系体积和根系表面积呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关;根系长度与根系体积和根系表面积呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关;根系直径与根尖数和根系长度呈显著(P<0.05)负相关。因此,没有添加物的茄果类蔬菜残体发酵后,与商品育苗基质1∶3配制成的混合基质适合黄瓜育苗。

To better address the disposal problem of vegetable residues of Solanaceae,4 residue pile fermentation treatments were set up using vegetable residues of Solanaceae as raw materials,chicken manure,and fermentation bacterial agents as additives.The fermented residues were then blended with commercial seedling substrates to produce mixed substrates.The effects of the mixed substrates on cucumber seed germination rate,seedling morphology,chlorophyll content,seedling biomass,and seedling root growth indices were studied.The correlation analysis was also conducted on seedling biomass,root indices,and other factors.The results showed that when Solanaceae vegetable residues were fermented without additives and blended with commercial seedling substrates in a ratio of 1∶3,the volume and surface area of cucumber seedling root increased by 0.30 cm^(3) per plant and 8.66 cm^(2) per plant,respectively.The growth rate of dry matter accumulation(G value)of the cucumber seedlings was significantly(P<0.01)positively correlated with fresh weight,dry weight,above ground dry weight,underground dry weight per plant and seedling index.The seedling index was significantly(P<0.01)positively correlated with fresh weight,dry weight,above ground dry weight and underground dry weight per plant.The dry matter content was significantly(P<0.01)negatively correlated with fresh weight per plant.In addition,the number of root tips of cucumber seedlings was significantly(P<0.01)positively correlated with root length,root volume,and root surface area.Root length was significantly(P<0.01)positively correlated with root volume and root surface area.Root diameter was negatively correlated with the number of root tips and root length.Therefore,when Solanaceae vegetable residues were fermented without additives and blended with commercial seedling substrates in a ratio of 1∶3,the resulting mixed substrates were suitable for cucumber seedling cultivation.