新制度经济学理论视角下农业供应链融资模式的双向困境及其破解机制——以浙江省衢州市柯城区柑橘供应链为例

Bidirectional dilemma of agricultural supply chain financing mode and cracking mechanism based on perspective of new institutional economics:a case study of citrus supply chain in Kecheng District,Quzhou City,Zhejiang Province,China

农业供应链虽然在提升农业经营主体融资可得性上发挥了一定作用,但核心主体与中小经营主体之间的双向困境矛盾突显,具体体现为供应链主体间高信任度要求和第三方担保主体发展良莠不齐的困境、抵押担保物低成本高转换要求和农业产业资产评估不统一的困境、产业发展需求和自偿性闭环不稳定的困境。借鉴新制度经济学理论,发现相较于传统的“公司+合作社+农户”供应链融资模式,农民合作经济组织联合会(以下简称农合联)供应链融资模式在契约结构、交易成本、自偿性水平方面具有明显优势。以浙江省衢州市柯城区的柑橘供应链为例,对其破解双向困境的机制进行分析验证。研究发现,农合联集正规制度约束和非正规社会约束于一体,能够有效提升供应链的合作效应、协同效应、分工效应,缓解融资困境。据此认为,缓解农业供应链融资模式双向困境的突破口在于构建经营主体共建共享的新的农业社会化服务组织,立足专业化服务,强化市场化经营,助力规模化发展,实现供应链一体化管理。

Although the agricultural supply chain plays a certain role in improving the availability of financing for agricultural operators,the bidirectional dilemma between the core subject and small-and medium-sized agricultural operators is prominent,which is specifically reflected in:the requirement of high trust degree among supply chain players and the dilemma of uneven development of third-party guarantors,the low cost and high conversion requirements of collateral and the inconsistent evaluation of agricultural industry assets,the demand for industrial development and the instability of self-compensation closed-loop.Based on the theory of new institutional economics,it is found that compared with the traditional supply chain financing model of“company+cooperative+farmer”,the supply chain financing model of Farmers Cooperatives Union has obvious advantages in terms of contract structure,transaction cost and self-compensation level.The citrus supply chain in Kecheng District,Quzhou City,Zhejiang Province,China is selected as an example,and the cracking mechanism of bidirectional dilemma is analyzed and verified.It is found that the new agricultural socialized service organizations represented by Farmers Cooperatives Union can integrate formal institutional constraints and informal social constraints,and have strong advantages in information,transaction costs and self-compensation,which can effectively improve the cooperation effect,synergistic effect and division of labor effect of supply chain,and alleviate financing difficulties.Therefore,the breakthrough to alleviating the bidirectional dilemma of agricultural supply chain financing mode lies in the construction of new agricultural socialized service organization,which should be co-built and shared by operating entities based on specialized service,strengthening market-oriented operation and promoting large-scale development.