我国农产品保供稳价:目标、成效、挑战及对策探讨

Ensuring Supply and Stabilizing Prices for Agricultural Products in China:Objectives,Effects,Challenges and Policy Suggestions

保障粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给关系国计民生,始终受到我国政府的高度重视。本文辨析日常保供和应急保供目标、手段的不同,评价近年来保供稳价的政策效果。近年来,我国重要农产品保供稳价的成效主要体现在:重要农产品供给能力持续增强、食品类主要农产品价格总体平稳、农产品市场总体运行平稳。同时,从供应链视角分析保供稳价面临的挑战,并提出应对建议,即立足国内、确保产能,以产能的确定性应对外部的不确定性;健全重要农产品储备体系,完善运行机制,充分发挥各级各类储备及“政策粮”的“蓄水池“”稳定器”功能;建立高效顺畅的农产品流通体系,解决好“最先一公里”和“最后一公里”问题;健全农产品应急保供体系,补齐短板;完善重要农产品价格稳定机制等。

For a long time,Chinese government has attached great importance to ensuring the supply and stabilizing the prices of these products and has achieved significant results.Against the backdrop of intensified geopolitical conflicts and the rise of trade protectionism,there are increasing uncertainties and unpredictable factors in the world's economic development,which increases the difficulty in ensuring supply and stabilizing prices for China.This article evaluates the policy effectiveness of ensuring supply and stabilizing prices in recent years,analyzes the differences between daily supply and emergency supply objectives and strategies,examines the challenges faced from the perspective of the supply chain,and finally presents policy suggestions for ensuring supply and stabilizing prices from five aspects:production,distribution,reserves,emergency supply,and pricestabilization.