论衍生数据的知识产权保护模式

The Intellectual Property Protection of Derived Data

数字经济时代,衍生数据蕴藏着巨大商业价值。就其法律保护问题,国内外主要存在赋权模式和行为规制模式两种观点。衍生数据具备财产属性,属于我国《民法典》所保护的权益。若仅以《反不正当竞争法》下的行为规制模式对其提供保护,无法对衍生数据的利用和权利限制进行全面的制度安排,亦无法有效平衡各方主体利益。相比之下,赋权模式是激励数据生产和投资的重要保障。基于衍生数据的形成机理及对其进行保护所遵循的价值理念,将其置于知识产权制度体系下具有正当性。根据人类在数据生成过程中的参与程度,可以将衍生数据区分为有创作性投入的衍生数据和无创作性投入的衍生数据,前者用著作权保护模式,后者用邻接权保护模式。数据赋权可供选择的路径之一是在知识产权制度体系内创设一项数据处理者权,用以保护衍生数据生产者运用人工智能、数据挖掘等技术所产出的数据产品。为了平衡多方利益,还应当通过增设合理使用情形、设定期限等方式,对数据处理者权加以适当限制。

In the era of digital economy,derived data has a great economic value.Regarding its legal protection mode,there are two main approaches:right protection and behavior regulation.If derived data is only protected under the Anti-Unfair Competition Law,it is impossible to make comprehensive arrangements to protect derived data or restrict such protection.Thus,it is hard to effectively balance the interests of all related parties.In contrast,the right protection model is a better guarantee for incentivizing data production and investment.Based on the formation mechanism of derived data and the value rationale following its protection,it is reasonable to place it under the intellectual property law.Judging by the degree of human participation in the process of data generation,it can be divided into derivative data with creative input and derivative data without creative input.The former enjoys the copyright protection,and the latter could be protected by the neighboring right.It is necessary to create"data processor right"to protect the data products produced by derived data producers using artificial intelligence,data mining and other technologies.In order to balance the interests of multiple parties,the data processor right should also be appropriately limited through the rule of fair use and be subject to a limited term of protection.