“又”的语义背景与否定充分条件的语用解释

The Semantic Background of You(又)and Pragmatic interpretation of Negated Sufficient Conditions

语气副词“又”的语义背景可识解为隐含一个充分条件假言命题。用“又”的否定句可通过否定充分条件假言命题的前件来否定后件,不符合一般的逻辑事理,但可从认识事理和语用事理角度得到解释。其顺应的认识事理是一种“肯定-否定关联推理”;语用事理则是关联、礼貌原则的作用。否定充分条件实际上体现了自然语言游移于“真实与恰当之间”的逻辑张力。

The semantic background of modal adverb You(又)usually implies a hypothetical proposition of sufficient conditions.Negative sentences with You(又)can negate the latter by negating the antecedent of the hypothetical proposition of sufficient conditions,which does not conform to the general logic,but can be explained from the perspective of epistemology and pragmatics.The cognitive reasoning of its adaptation is a kind of affirmative-negative relevance reasoning,while the pragmatic reasoning is the function of the principle of relevance and politeness.Its ultimate goal of negation can be pointed to the three domains of"action","knowledge"and"speech".Negative sufficient condition actually reflects the logical tension of natural language between truth and appropriateness.Download(CAJ format)Download(PDF format)