新疆托里县那仁苏墓地出土陨铁器分析

The Analysis of Meteoric lron Objects Unearthed from the Narensu Cemetery in Tuoli County,Xinjiang

新疆托里县那仁苏墓地两座墓葬出土了两件铁刀,通过扫描电镜能谱的分析方法,使用了线扫、面扫等多种手段,进行了详细的实验室分析检测,发现两件铁刀均含有较高的Ni元素和少量Co元素,在残留的金属本体中还观察到高镍相与低镍相交替分布的现象。结果表明,两件铁刀均为陨铁制品,陨铁中含有主要矿物铁纹石、镍纹石、合纹石,以及副矿物陨磷铁镍石。经过碳十四测年,显示两座墓葬的年代为公元前3000年左右,这两件铁刀为国内目前发现最早的陨铁制品,本文首次对阿凡纳谢沃文化陨铁制品的相关分析数据做出报道。这对于中亚地区与欧亚草原游牧文化的研究以及探讨早期铁器的传播和使用都具有重要的价值和意义。

Two iron knives were discovered from two tombs of the Narensu cemetery in Tuoli County,Xinjiang.Detailed examinations were conducted in the laboratory using SEM-EDS and various techniques such as spot and area analysis,through which the two iron knives were found containing a high percentage of Ni and small traces of Co.The alternating distribution of Ni-rich and Ni-poor phases was also observed from the residual metal bulk.The experimental results demonstrate that both iron knives were products of meteoric iron,which contains kamacite,taenite,and plessite as major minerals,and schreibersite as the minor mineral.The Cl4 dates the two burials to 3000 BCE.,placing these two iron knives as the earliest meteoric iron artefacts discovered in China so far.For the first time,the analytical data of the iron objects from the Afanasievo culture was reported by this article.This is of significant value for both the study of nomadic cultures in Central Asia and Eurasian steppe and the exploration of the spread and utilisation of early iron objects.