从考古发现看东方教会在中亚和高昌回鹘地区的传播

The Spread of the Church of the East in Central Asia and Qocho Kingdom:Insights from Archaeological Discoveries

从635年阿罗本经中亚呼罗珊、河中和七河地区来中国传教,直到元朝结束,美索不达米亚的东方教会及其东叙利亚基督教在中国传教大约经历了700年,其间有中断。在中亚和高昌回鹘地区的突厥、回鹘和粟特基督徒保持着东方教会在礼拜仪式上使用叙利亚语的传统,在其他场合使用突厥语、回鹘语、粟特语、汉语甚至波斯语。本文借鉴了近年在中亚和新疆的考古发现及其研究成果,从中亚的考古遗存和吐鲁番发现的叙利亚文残片以期洞见东方教会在中亚和高昌回鹘地区的传播状况,其中介绍了几件重要的叙利亚语祈祷书《胡德拉》的不同版本及其价值,力图呈现6~14世纪间美索不达米亚的东方教会在中亚和高昌回鹘地区传教的脉络和图景。

From 635 CE.when Alopen reached China through Khorasan,Transoxiana,and Semirechye regions as a missionary to the end of the Yuan Dynasty,the Church of the East from Mesopotamia and its East Syriac Christianity had been intermittently preached in China for approximately 700 years.Turkic,Uyghur,and Sogdian Christians living in Central Asia and Qocho Kingdom regions foliowed the Eastern Christian tradition of adopting Syriac during liturgies,while utilising Turkic,Old Uyghur,Sogdian,Chinese,and even Persian in other occasions.This article reviews recent archaeological discoveries and relevant studies in Central Asia and Xinjiang.It aims to gain insights on the spread of the Church of the East in Central Asia and Qocho Kingdom regions through the lens of archaeological remains in Central Asia and Syriac manuscript fragments discovered in Turfan.A few different versions of the key Syriac prayer book Khudra and its values were also discussed,in order to achieve a proper presentation of the contexts and scenarios in which the Church of the East from Mesopotamia was preached in Central Asia and Qocho Kingdom during the 6-14th century CE.