柑橘属果肉多酚物质组分含量分布及关联分析

COMPOSTION AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF THE POLYPHENOLS IN FOUR CITRUS PULPS

目的 系统研究橙、柚、柠檬和柑橘4类常见柑橘属水果果肉中橙皮苷等类黄酮和酚酸等多酚物质组成及含量分布。方法 由市场采集橙、柚、柠檬和柑橘4类常见柑橘属水果共60种,取果肉经匀质化处理后,利用高效液相色谱法对类黄酮、酚酸等主要多酚物质进行了定量分析。统计各类水果中多酚物质组成及含量水平,根据分布特征进行基本差异性分析,利用主成分分析和聚类分析探讨果肉的种间差异,通过Pearson相关性分析探讨柑橘果肉主要多酚物质的种间关联。结果 类黄酮物质是柑橘属果肉中含量最高的一类多酚物质,主要以橙皮苷、柚皮苷、芸香柚皮苷和香蜂草苷为主,柚类中含量最低,明显低于宽皮柑橘和橙类,中位数分别为492、1.26×10^(3)、1.84×10^(3)mg/kg(P<0.05);所测多酚物质中,橙皮苷在宽皮柑橘类、橙类和柠檬类中含量最高,中位数分别为808、1.31×10^(3)、975 mg/kg,柚皮苷在柚类中含量最高,中位数为306 mg/kg;所测60种柑橘果肉中,枝江脐橙总多酚含量最高(2.91×10^(3)mg/kg),儋州红柚中总多酚含量最低(110 mg/kg)。主成分分析与聚类分析结果表明,宽皮柑橘类和橙类间关联性较强,柚类与其他种类之间关联性较弱;不同种类果肉多酚物质间的相关性存在很大的差异,但无论什么品种,即使是橙皮苷含量很低的柚类果肉中,橙皮苷与总黄酮总是呈正相关关系;关联性较强的橙类和宽皮柑橘类中类黄酮物质间的相关性大致相同,但绿原酸、白皮杉醇和芥子酸与其他物质间的相关性在两类中存在较大差别。结论 本研究对4类常见柑橘属水果果肉间的多酚物质组分进行分析,探讨了不同种类柑橘果肉的主要多酚物质含量水平间的分布规律,这对今后柑橘水果多酚摄入水平的评估及其开发利用和研究具有一定的参考价值。

Objective The composition and content distribution of polyphenols such as flavonoids(hesperidin,etc.)and phenolic acids in the pulps of four common citrus fruits,orange,pomelo,lemon and citrus,were systematically studied.Methods A total of 60 kinds of common citrus fruits including orange,pomelo,lemon and broad-skinned citrus were collected from the markets.After homogenization of the pulps,the main polyphenols such as flavonoids,phenolic acids were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC.The compositions of the polyphenols in various fruits were counted,and the basic differences were analyzed according to the distribution characteristics.The interspecific differences were presented after principal component analysis and cluster analysis,and the interspecific correlation of main polyphenols in citrus pulps was discussed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results Flavonoids were the most abundant polyphenols in citrus pulps,mainly hesperidin,naringin,narirutin and vanillin.The flavonoid content of pomelo was the lowest,significantly lower than that of broad-skinned citrus and orange,The medians were 492,1.26×10^(3)1.84×10^(3) mg/kg respectively(P<0.05).Among the polyphenols tested,hesperidin had the highest content in broad-skinned citrus,orange and lemon,at the medians of 808,1.31×10^(3),975 mg/kg respectively.Naringin had the highest content in pomelo,at the median of 306 mg/kg.The total polyphenol content of Zhijiang qicheng was the highest(2.91×10^(3) mg/kg)among the 60 citrus pulps tested,and that of Danzhou red pomelo was the lowest(110 mg/kg).The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the correlation between broad-skinned citrus and orange was strong,while the correlation between pomelo and other species was weak.The correlation between different kinds of polyphenols in citrus pulps was very different.However,no matter what kind of varieties,even in the pomelo pulp with low contents of hesperidin,hesperidin and total flavonoids,total polyphenols had a positive correlation.The correlation between orange and broad-skinned citrus was strong,and the correlation between flavonoids in them was roughly the same,but the correlations between chlorogenic acid,paclitaxel and sinapic acid and other substances were quite different in the two categories.Conclusion In this study,the polyphenols in the pulps of four common citrus fruits are reported,and the distribution patterns of the main polyphenols in different types of citrus pulps are presented which has certain reference value for the evaluation,development,utilization and research of polyphenols intake level of citrus fruits in the future.