城市社区更新中生物多样性的保护策略:以上海市长宁区生境花园为例

Conservation strategies for biodiversity in urban community renewal:A case study of habitat garden in Changning District,Shanghai

保护城市生物多样性、在城市中营造生物多样性生境是城市可持续发展的重要挑战。不断加快的城市化进程对生物多样性造成严重影响,城市生物多样性保护在新型城镇化和生态建设中日益紧迫。生境花园作为城市生物多样性保护的一种模式,厘清其在高密度城市中实现生物多样性保护的机制与效果,探索其科学的建设管理模式具有重要意义。本研究采用案例分析法,通过调研长宁区生境花园的生物多样性现状、居民参与建设和使用情况、生境花园管理模式等,梳理分析了上海市长宁区生境花园所处区域的绿地斑块分布现状、生境花园建设前后的生境条件、政策的促进作用与建成效果,探讨了高密度城市中社区更新背景下实现社区尺度生物多样性保护的模式,并提出相应的生物多样性保护策略。研究结果表明,生境花园是一个低维护管理的自然演替生态系统,作为城市绿地的基本单元,不仅填补了城市小尺度生物多样性保护的空白,而且分布具有空间异质性,对城市绿色生态网络的完善和生物多样性保护格局的优化起到重要作用,然而,生境花园依然存在知识技术方面入门难、资金投入量大、潜在障碍等问题。生境花园有效实现生物多样性保护的4种主要建设管理模式包括:(1)过程管理。包括前期选址、确定生物多样性的保护对象、建设和维护管理4个主要阶段;(2)多元合作。政府、社会、企业和居民个体多元主体形成任务导向型的合作方式;(3)具有扩大影响力的推广模式;(4)针对生境花园的潜在问题采取应对措施。建议未来的城市建设和城市更新规划中,将生境营造和生物多样性保护纳入其中,打造城市社区生境花园基本生态单元,按照4种建设管理模式,促进生境花园逐步成为城市社区尺度生物多样性保护的解决途经。

Background&Aims:Protecting urban biodiversity and creating biodiversity habitats in cities is an important challenge for urban sustainable development.The accelerating urbanization process has caused serious impact on biodiversity,and the protection of urban biodiversity is becoming increasingly urgent in the new urbanization and ecological construction.As a mode of urban biodiversity conservation,it is of great significance to clarify its mechanism and effect of biodiversity conservation in high-density cities and explore its scientific construction and management mode of habitat gardens.Methods:This study conducted case analysis,investigated the status quo of biodiversity,residents'participation in construction and use and management mode of habitat gardens in Changning District,sorted out and analyzed the distribution status quo of green patches,habitat conditions before and after the construction of habitat gardens,and the promotion effect and completion effect of the policy in Changning District,Shanghai.The model of community scale biodiversity conservation under the background of community renewal in high-density cities was discussed,and the corresponding biodiversity conservation strategies were proposed.Results:We found that a habitat garden is a natural succession ecosystem with low maintenance management.As the basic unit of urban green space,it not only fills the gap of urban small-scale biodiversity conservation,but also has spatial heterogeneity,which plays an important role in improving urban green ecological network and optimizing biodiversity conservation patterns.However,there are still some problems in habitat garden such as difficult entry into knowledge and technology and large capital input.There are four main modes of construction and management for biodiversity conservation in a habitat garden:(1)Process management includes four main stages:the early site selection,determination of biodiversity protection objects,construction and maintenance management;(2)Pluralistic cooperation:multi-subjects of government,society,enterprises,and individual residents form a task-oriented cooperation mode;(3)Promotion mode with expanding influence;(4)Take countermeasures against potential problems in habitat gardens.Suggestions&Perspectives:We suggest that in future urban construction and urban renewal planning,habitat construction and biodiversity conservation should be included,and the basic ecological unit of urban community habitat garden should be built.According to the four construction and management modes,habitat garden should gradually become the solution of biodiversity conservation at the scale of urban community.