法·礼·情的激烈冲突与弥合——关汉卿《包待制三勘蝴蝶梦》的悲剧艺术研究

The Fierce Conflict and Bridging between Law,Propriety and Love——A Study on the Tragedy Art of Guan Hanqing’s Lord Bao Thrice Investigates Butterfly Dream

元代关汉卿的公案剧《包待制三勘蝴蝶梦》是一部现实主义悲剧,它深刻地反映了元代社会法治的腐败和社会现实的黑暗。这部杂剧以王母一家的悲剧命运走向为主线,演绎了母子之间的亲情与兄弟之间的孝悌之义,宣扬了儒家的礼教文化。该剧也充分表现了元代社会,乃至整个封建社会广泛存在的法、礼、情的深刻矛盾冲突,以及“有法不依”“礼在法上”“情止乎礼”的普遍现象。关汉卿通过“梦境”的设置,为悲剧冲突找到了超越与弥合的转机,最终给普通人以生的希望,展示了高超的悲剧创作艺术。

Guan Hanqing's detective drama Lord Bao Thrice Investigates Butterfly Dream as a realistic tragedy profoundly reflects the corruption of the social legal system and the darkness of social reality in the Yuan Dynasty.This drama takes the tragic fate of the family surnamed Wang as the clue,interprets the family affection between mother and son and brotherhood between three brothers,and promotes the Confucian culture of propriety.The drama also fully shows the profound contradictions and conflicts between law,propriety and love widely existing in the Yuan Dynasty and even the whole feudal society,as well as the common phenomena of “laws being not fully observed”,“propriety taking precedence over laws” and “love stopping at propriety”.Through the setting of “dream”,Guan Hanqing found a turning point for the transcendence and bridging of tragic conflicts,and finally gave ordinary people the hope of survival,showing his superb art in creation of tragedy.