《民法典》物权编物权行为独立性解释论——基于域外立法中物权行为独立性表现形式的借鉴

Interpreting the Independence of Real Right Act in the Civil Code——Based on the Independent Expression Form of Real Right Act in Foreign Legislation

物权行为独立性的表现形式为物权意思表示的独立性,纵观域外立法,物权意思的表现方式呈多样化状态,但都需以特定的形式作出,这为我国《民法典》物权编中物权行为的独立存在提供了可借鉴的解释方法。文章认为《民法典》物权编采取了多样化的物权变动模式,解释论视角下《民法典》物权编中物权行为的表现形式亦是多样化。即在“公示生效主义”的物权变动模式下,当事人之间独立的物权合意通过行为人的“交付”以及“申请登记”表现出来;在“公示对抗主义”的物权变动模式下,当事人独立的物权合意将通过书面合同的形式予以客观化,其与当事人的债权合意存在同一合同文本之中。

The real right of Civil Code should admit independent behavior of real right for simplifying theory,maintaining consistent system,and thinking economy.The independence expression form of the real right action is the independence expression of real right meaning.Throughout the foreign legislation,the expressions of real right meaning are diversified,but all need to be made in legal form.This provides a useful explanation method for the independent existence of real right behaviors in the compilation of real right in the Civil Code of our country."Civil Code"property rights adopt a variety of real right change modes.From the perspective of explanation theory,the performances of property rights of the Civil Code are also diversified.For instance,in"effective publication"real right change mode,the independent property rights agreement between the parties are embodied in actor"delivery"and"registration"performance.In"public antagonism"real right change mode,the parties'independent agreement on real right will be objectified in the form of written contract,and it exists in the same contract text as the parties'agreement on creditor's right.