典型山地丘陵区国土空间功能变化的地形梯度效应

Terrain Gradient Effect on Land Spatial Function Changes in Typical Mountainous and Hilly Areas

[目的]明晰洞庭湖流域国土空间功能变化的地形梯度效应,为国土空间新格局构建、实施监督国土空间规划和促进区域协调发展提供科学依据。[方法]在多源国土信息数据支持下,从三生(生产、生活和生态)功能视角,运用功能归并法、图谱法、标准差椭圆和地形位指数等方法,揭示1990年以来国土空间功能变化异质性特征,探讨功能变化下地形梯度效应。[结果]将洞庭湖流域国土空间功能的服务状态划分为主导、重要、次要和无4种类型,30年来流域生产、生活功能占主导地位的国土面积缓慢增加,生态功能占主导地位的国土趋于萎缩,功能强弱变化区集中于洞庭湖区、湘江流域等地,呈点状式分布特点。生产和生态功能变化呈显著方向性分布特点,生活功能变化规律性较差。生产和生活功能占据主导和重要地位的国土倾向分布于低地形梯度,生态功能占据主导地位的国土向高地形梯度区集中,地形为洞庭湖流域国土空间功能时空异质性形成的重要因素。生产、生活功能占据主导地位国土和生态功能占据次要地位的国土多为稳定型图谱,生产、生态功能的反复变化型图谱随地形位指数增长先波动上升后下降。[结论]洞庭湖流域的国土空间规划与管理应综合考虑地形梯度效应问题,以推动流域国土资源的高效配置。

[Objective]The aims of this study are to clarify the topographic gradient effect of land spatial function change for Dongting Lake Basin,and provide scientific basis for the construction of new land spatial pattern,the implementation and supervision of land spatial planning,and the promotion of regional coordinated development.[Methods]Based on multi-source data,from the perspective of Production-Living-Ecological functions,and the methods of function merging,atlas,standard deviation ellipse and terrain position were used to reveal the spatio-temporal characteristics of the spatial functions of the basin since 1990,and discussthe terrain gradient effect of spatial function changes,so as to clarify the distribution pattern of local land and spatial resources.[Results]The service state of the land-spatial function in Dongting Lake Basin were divided into dominant,important,secondary and non-dominant types.Since 1990,the land area dominated by production and living functions had increased slowly,while the land dominated by ecological functions had tended to shrink.The functional change areas concentrated in Dongting Lake area,Xiangjiang River Basin and other areas,showed pointed distribution characteristics.The changes of production,living and ecological functions all showed significant directional distribution patterns.The land with dominant and important production and living functions tended to distribute in low terrain gradients,while the land with dominant ecological functions concentrated in high terrain gradient areas.The terrain was important factor for the formation of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of land functions in Dongting Lake Basin.Most of the lands with dominant production and living functions and lands with secondary ecological functions were stable maps,and the map with repeated changes of production and ecological functions fluctuated first and then decreased with the growth of shape index.[Conclusion]The land spatial planning and management of Dongting Lake Basin should comprehensively consider the terrain gradient effect to promote the efficient allocation of land resources in this basin.