湖南省乡村人居环境质量时空格局演变及影响因素

Analysis on Spatiotemporal Pattern Evolution and Influencing Factors of Rural Human Settlements Quality in Hunan Province

[目的]科学评价湖南省乡村人居环境质量,探讨其影响因素,进而为乡村人居环境治理与建设提供科学依据。[方法]构建由生产环境、生活环境和生态环境3个子系统组成的乡村人居环境质量评价指标体系,运用TOPSIS模型、空间自相关分析方法,探讨了2013—2020年湖南省乡村人居环境的时空演变特征,并构建空间回归模型揭示其影响因素。[结果]研究期内,湖南省乡村人居环境整体质量和各子系统质量均有所提升,空间格局上呈现出空间正相关关系,“高高”关联的县域主要分布在长株潭城市群地区,而“低低”关联的县域多位于湘南湘西地区,此特征同样适用于生产环境质量和生活环境质量在湖南省的空间分布。乡村人居环境质量受经济社会发展状况、自然条件、资源禀赋、基础设施水平等多种因素综合影响,其中经济社会发展状况对乡村人居环境影响最大,呈现出显著正向促进效应,而自然条件则表现负面抑制作用。[结论]湖南省乡村人居环境建设中,应因地制宜配置资源,统筹生产、生活和生态环境协调发展,不断缩小区域差异,促进各地乡村人居环境质量持续提升。

[Objective]The aims of this study are to scientifically evaluate the quality of rural human settlements in Hunan Province,to explore its influencing factors,and then to provide a scientific basis for rural human settlements governance and construction.[Methods]The evaluation index system of rural human settlements quality consisting of three subsystems:production environment,living environment,and the ecological environment was constructed,and the TOPSIS model and spatial autocorrelat ion analysis were used to explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of rural human settlements in Hunan Province from 2013 to 2020,and a spatial regression model was constructed to reveal its influencing factors.[Results]During the study period,the overall quality of the rural human settlement environment and the quality of each subsystem in Hunan Province improved,and the spatial pattern showed a positive spatial correlation.The counties with‘high-high’correlation mainly distributed in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration area,while the counties with‘low-low’correlation were mostly located in the south and west of Hunan.This feature also applied to the spatial distribution of production environment quality and living environment quality in Hunan Province.The qualities of the rural human settlements were affected by a combination of factors such as the state of economic and social development,natural conditions,resource endowment,and infrastructure level.Among them,the economic and social development status had the greatest impact on rural human settlements,showing a significant positive promoting effect,while natural conditions exhibited a negative inhibiting effect.[Conclusion]Resources should be allocated according to local conditions in the construction of rural human settlements in Hunan Province,to coordinate the coordinated development of production,living,and ecological environment,to continuously reduce regional differences,and to promote the continuous improvement of the quality of rural human settlements around the country.