不同利益相关者对生态涵养区生态系统服务的认知分析

Analysis of Different Stakeholders'Cognition on Ecosystem Services in Ecological Conservation Areas

[目的]利益相关者对生态系统服务的认知影响决策的制定,开展不同利益相关者对生态系统服务认知程度及影响因素调研与分析,可为生态涵养区生态系统管理、生态系统服务优化供给以及生态保护补偿政策制定提供重要支撑。[方法]通过问卷调查的方法分析了北京市生态涵养区管理者和农户对生态系统服务认知类型和空间差异及其影响因素。[结果](1)管理者与农户均认为生态系统主要提供调节服务,但对气体调节、环境净化和文化服务认知较低,对水源涵养、生物多样性维护与文化教育认知差异明显;农户仅对供给服务认知高于管理者。(2)不同利益者类型对不同生态系统所提供的主导服务认知差异明显,管理者对不同生态系统的水源涵养、生物多样性维护和文化教育认知均高于农户,农户对草地和农田的供给服务、森林水土保持及湿地和农田的气体调节、休闲娱乐认知均高于管理者。(3)不同区域的利益相关者对气体调节、文化服务等的认知存在明显区域差异;密云区管理者对气体调节认知较低,房山和门头沟区的农户对生物多样性维护认知较低。(4)文化程度、生态管控程度和收入水平是影响管理者认知的主要因素,文化程度、生态管控程度与管理者认知成正比;文化程度、生态管控程度和生态环境培训是影响农户认知的主要因素,文化程度、生态环境相关培训主要与农户认知成正比。[结论]不同利益相关者对生态系统服务认知存在明显认知类型差异和区域差异,文化程度、生态管控程度、收入水平和生态环境培训是影响认知差异的主要因素,未来应着力加强生态环境培训,注重各区间经验交流及对农户的宣传与引导,提升不同利益相关者的参与度,从而制定差异化的生态系统管理与服务供给政策,促进生态保护政策落地实施。

[Objective]Stakeholders'cognition on ecosystem services affects decision-making.Carrying out research and analysis on people's cognition for ecosystem services in ecological conservation areas and its influencing factors among different stakeholders can lie the solid foundation for ecosystem management,the optimal supply of ecosystem services as well as comprehensive compensatory policy formulation for ecological protection in ecological conservation areas.[Methods]Types and spatial differences of ecosystem services cognition and influencing factors among managers and farmers in Beijing's ecological conservation areas were analyzed by means of questionnaire survey.[Results](1)Both managers and farmers believed that the regulating service was the main role of ecosystem.Their cognition levels on gas regulation,environmental purification and cultural services were low.They had significant differences in water conservation,biodiversity maintenance and cultural education.However,farmers only held a fairer perception on supply services than managers.(2)There were obvious cognition differences on the dominant services provided by different ecosystems.Managers held a fairer perception than farmers of water conservation,biodiversity maintenance and cultural education of different ecosystems.Farmers had higher cognition than managers concerning supply services of grassland and farmland,water and soil conservation of forest,gas regulation and leisure and entertainment of wetlands and farmland.(3)Stakeholders in different districts had different perspectives of gas regulation and cultural services in different regions.Managers'knowledge in gas regulation was comparatively less in Miyun District,while farmers'perceptions in biodiversity maintenance in Fangshan and Mentougou District were superficial to a certain extent.(4)Education level,intensity of ecological supervision and income level were the main factors affecting managers'cognition.Two factors of education level and intensity of ecological supervision were in direct proportion to managers'cognition.Educational level,intensity of ecological supervision and ecological environment training were the main factors affecting the cognition of farmers.Educational level and ecological environment training were the positive correlative factors for farmers.[Conclusion]There were obvious differences in the types and regions of different stakeholders'cognition of ecosystem services.Education level,intensity of ecological supervision,income level and ecological environment training were the main influencing factors.Ecological environment training,exchange of experiences in different districts for managers,and publicity and education for farmers should be strengthened emphatically in the future.Enhancing the participation of different stakeholders will be conducive to formulating differentiated ecosystem management and service supply policies,and promoting the implementation of ecological protection policies.