元代隐居乐道剧中的身国共治——以马致远《西华山陈抟高卧》为考察对象

On the Co-governance of Body and Country in the Yuan Dynasty's Drama about Seclusion and Practice:Taking Chen Tuan Lies High in Xihua Mountain as an Example

马致远的《西华山陈抟高卧》是隐居乐道剧的典范之作,剧作以道教宗师陈抟为主人公,演绎陈抟隐居避乱,借算卦之机指明赵匡胤有帝王之命,赵匡胤称帝之后请陈抟入朝享受荣华富贵,陈抟坚拒,汝南王郑恩以美食和美女相诱,陈抟亦不为所动,后陈抟返回西华山隐居修道。隐居乐道剧《西华山陈抟高卧》以生动的笔触描绘了陈抟的政治理想和人生追求,体现了元代文人士大夫理想化政治的追求:对明君贤臣的渴求、对个体生命自由的向往,这也是儒家身国共治理念深刻的艺术化展现。

Ma Zhiyuan's “Chen Tuan Lies High in Xihua Mountain” is a model of Drama about seclusion and practice.The play takes Chen Tuan,the master of Taoism,as the protagonist.It plays the role of Chen Tuan,who lived in seclusion and avoided war during the five dynasties.By means of divination,Zhao Kuangyin indicated that Zhao Kuangyin had the order of the emperor.After Zhao Kuangyin became the emperor,he invited Chen Tuan to enter the court to enjoy prosperity and wealth.Chen Tuan refused.Zheng En,the king of Runan,was seduced by food and beauty.Chen Tuan was not moved.Later,Chen Tuan returned to Xihua Mountain to live in seclusion and practice.Under the cloak of religion,the play depicts Chen Tuan's political ideal and life pursuit with vivid strokes,showing the idealistic political pursuit of the Ming monarchs,sages and ministers of the Yuan Dynasty and the idealistic life yearning for the freedom of individual life,which is a comprehensive and profound artistic display of the Confucian concept of governing the country together.