杜甫《伤春五首》其二“兄弟”异解

A Different Interpretation of “Brothers” in the Second of Du Fu's Five Poems for Spring

杜甫《伤春五首》其二“不是无兄弟,其如有别离”一联中,“兄弟”一词的内涵除杜甫自家兄弟外,亦兼指李唐王室宗亲。从先秦到魏晋,大量文献中出现了以“兄弟”代指同姓诸侯、王室手足的用例,且多与其不能保卫中央联系密切,至杜甫所在时期仍延续此政治内蕴。联系庾信《哀江南赋》《伤心赋》等外部文本,并在杜集内部探寻相关信息,可知《伤春五首》其二中的“兄弟”一词所指兼具家国二义,既反映了中国古代家国同构的血缘政治,亦是杜甫国身通一情怀理念的写照。

In the second of Du Fu's Five Poems for Spring,the phrase 'Not without brothers,but with parting',the term 'brothers' does not refer to Du Fu's own brothers,but to the royal family of the Li Tang dynasty.From the pre-Qin period onwards,the use of the term 'brothers' to refer to vassals with the same surname and royal family members has been found in the Shang Shu,the Shi Jing,and numerous other texts,and similar uses have been common since the Wei and Jin Dynasties.The political connotations of the term continued in Du Fu's time.In the light of external texts such as Yu Xin's ‘Ai Jiang Nan Fu' and ‘Shang Chun Fu',as well as searching for relevant information within Du Fu's poems,it is clear that the term ‘brother' in “Five Poems for the Spring”(2) refers to both family and state,reflecting both the ancient Chinese politics of family and state,and Du Fu's idea of the unity of state and body.