资本、自然条件与人的生存——马克思对环境非正义的批判

Capital,Natural Conditions and Human Existence——Marx's Criticism of Environmental Injustice

在当代环境正义研究中,超越西方话语的环境正义范式,创生中国形态的马克思主义环境正义理论,首先需明晰马克思在资本诞生和发展初期对环境非正义的批判。马克思对环境非正义的认知,是与其历史唯物主义的建构和对资本主义制度的批判相联系并随之动态演进的。马克思从19世纪社会生活现实出发,考察了差异性社会主体之间环境权益与负担分配不公甚至两极化的社会图景,并深入到资本主义生产方式及资本逻辑中去追溯环境破坏及其非正义的社会结构性根源。在时代发展中重探马克思主义经典作家的这一批判,有助于在坚持马克思唯物史观的基础上,促进中国社会主义生态文明理论的守正与创新。

In the study of contemporary environmental justice,it is necessary to clarify Marx's criticism of environmental injustice in the early stage of capital birth and development before transcending the paradigm of environmental justice in western discourse and creating Marxist environmental justice theory in Chinese form.Marx's cognition of environmental injustice is related to the construction of his historical materialism and his criticism of capitalist system,and it evolves dynamically with it.Starting from the reality of social life in the 19th century,Marx inspected the unfair and even polarized social picture of environmental rights and burdens among different social subjects,and went deep into capitalist mode of production and capital logic to trace the structural root of environmental damage and its injustice.Re-exploring this criticism of Marxist classical writers in the development of the times is helpful to promote the integrity and innovation of theory of Chinese socialist ecological civilization on the basis of clearing the source of current Marxist ecological thoughts.