通用知识还是本土知识?——社会科学本土化争议的方法论把脉

General Knowledge or Indigenous Knowledge?——Methodological Approach to the Controversy over Localization in Social Sciences

社会科学本土化争议中,似乎知识通用派和知识本土派都把对方当成了“假想敌”,然而,双方的“对立”并非真正的对立,而是“伪对立”,是被建构出来的对立。通过对一些争议点的方法论把脉,分别剖析方法论个体主义所倡导的解释项的分析单位作为元素和方法论整体主义所倡导的解释项的分析单位作为框架(元素组合方式)中方法论问题,发现知识通用派和知识本土派都在追求知识效度,但前者追求“理想情境型知识普遍性”,后者追求“现实型情境中的类型普遍性”,他们的策略位于社会研究方法论中的不同维度。他们在追求知识效度的目标上是一致的。他们的共同“敌人”,是缺乏方法论基本素养所导致的低劣水平的社会科学研究实践。

In the controversy over localization of social sciences,it seems that both the school of general knowledge and the school of indigenous knowledge regard each other as“imaginary enemies”;however,the“opposition”of the two sides is not a real opposition,but a“pseudo-opposition”,which is a constructed opposition.By taking the methodological approach to some controversial points,and by analyzing the analytical unit of the explanatory term advocated by methodological individualism as an element,and the analytical unit of the explanatory term advocated by methodological holism as the framework(mode of element combination),it is found that both the knowledge generalizer and the knowledge localist are pursuing knowledge validity,but the former pursues“ideal situational knowledge universality”and the latter pursues“type universality in realistic situations”;their strategies are located in different dimensions of methodology for social studies.They are aligned in their pursuit of the goal of knowledge validity.Their common“enemy”is the inferior level of social scientific research practice caused by the lack of basic methodological literacy.