强制、互惠与乡风文明的养成机制——基于文村红白理事会的实践考察

Compulsion,Reciprocity and the Cultivation Mechanism of Rural Civilization——A Practical Study of Weddings and Funerals Council in Wencun Village

基层群众组织是乡村文化治理的组织载体。剖析文村红白理事会的移风易俗实践发现,强制与互惠是助推乡风文明实践养成的重要方式。红白理事会移风易俗面临着村规民约与乡土观念、个人自由相抵牾的矛盾,引发合法性困境和集体行动困境。红白理事会借助说服、不合作策略、剥夺村民福利等强制手段贯彻村规民约,接着以提供服务、减轻经济负担、缓解养老难题等治理绩效获取实践认同。治理效能的互惠性促使基层政府、红白理事会和农民之间形成制度化的社会交换网络,为移风易俗提供强大驱动力。因此,乡风文明仰赖于党和国家引导基层群众组织采取约束性强的措施,通过制度化的社会交换网络将国家建构的制度规范转化为农村社会的实质秩序。

Grass-roots mass organizations are the organizational carriers of rural cultural governance activities.Based on the analysis of Weddings and Funerals Council in Wencun Village's practice of changing customs and conventions according to the theory of collective action,compulsion and reciprocity are important ways for Weddings and Funerals Council to promote the cultivation of rural civilization.The change of customs in Weddings and Funerals Council is faced with two pairs of basic contradictions:the disharmony between cultural ideas and local concepts advocated by the government,and the conflict between village rules and individual freedom,which leads to the legal dilemma of the organization and the collective action dilemma of farmers.With the help of persuasion,non-cooperation strategy,deprivation of villagers'welfare and other compulsory means,Weddings and Funerals Council implements the village rules and regulations,and then obtains practical recognition by providing services,reducing economic burden,alleviating elderly care problems and other governance performance.The reciprocity of governance efficiency forms an institutionalized social exchange network among grass-roots governments,Weddings and Funerals Council and farmers,which provides a sustained and powerful driving force for changing customs.Therefore,the practice of rural civilization depends on the Party and the government to guide grass-roots mass organizations to take strong binding measures,and the institutionalized social exchange network will contribute to transforming the institutional norms constructed by the country into the substantive order of the rural society.