宪法中基层群众性自治组织“公共事务”概念的法律解释研究

Research on the Legal Interpretation of the Concept of“Public Affairs”of Grassroots Mass Autonomous Organizations in the Constitution

基层群众自治制度作为中国特色政治制度,是全过程人民民主的重要制度保障。在相对原则的法律规定与日趋重要的政策地位的张力中,居委会、村委会扮演多样角色的同时,也面临合法性诘问。《宪法》第111条的“公共事务”概念为锚定两委的规范定位与职能提供了坐标原点。基于对制度生成史、自治权来源、自治权性质的分析,可知基层群众自治是一种自下而上生成、建立于居民权利之上、以两委的自治权利为抓手的“基于权利的自治”。以“基于权利的自治”为前提,可得对“公共事务”的相对狭义解释。对“公共事务”作相对狭义解释,不会妨害两委发挥多样功能。

As a political system with Chinese characteristics,the grassroots mass autonomous organization system is an important institutional guarantee for people's democracy in the whole process.In the tension between the legal provisions of relative principles and the increasingly important policy status,neighborhood committees and villagers'committees play a variety of roles,but also face questions about their legitimacy.The concept of“public affairs”in Article 111 of the Constitution provides the starting point for anchoring the normative positioning and functions of the two committees.Based on the analysis of the history of the formation of the system,the source of the right of autonomy,and the nature of the right of autonomy,we can see that grassroots mass autonomy is a kind of“rights-based autonomy”generated from the bottom up,based on the rights of residents,and anchored on the autonomy rights of the two committees.The premise of“rights-based autonomy”leads to a relatively narrow interpretation of“public affairs”,which will not prevent the two Committees from playing their diverse functions.