从随昂构件的斜置与泛用倾向看溜金枓栱的产生

On the Formation of Liujin dougong Through the Oblique Tendency and Extended Use of Ang-related Elements

以耍头、华头子等随昂构件在实例与《营造法式》中的不同构造表现为线索,梳理了铺作中纷杂斜置构件的性质与种属关系,勾勒了“昂桯”逐步泛化、向溜金枓栱后尾秤杆演变的过程,作为元明时期营造技术多源并进的佐证。进而,借由华头子斜置之类的构造现象,探讨铺作中不同斜向构件的组合规律与拼装原则,追溯明清溜金枓栱的原型,以期揭示木构技术多元一体的演进状貌。

Taking the adjunctive structures of Ang’s different construction method between practical cases and the literature of YingZaoFaShi as clue,this article classifies the various inclined elements arranged in Dougong system,especially recognizes the multiple technique origins by distinguishing the concept of Angting component,and its evolution process to Liujin dougong’s trailing end as well.Thereby discusses the inclined elements’combination law and assembly principle in Dougong system through the tectonic phenomenon of tilted Huatouzi,and then helps to retrace the prototype of Liujin dougong which were rife during Ming and Qing dynasties,as well as to make a brief statement to draw a sketch of its sub-types’development venation.As a result,this article may contribute to reveal a history prospect of a pluralist co-existing and mutually integrated technical tradition of wooden construction.