鲁迅小说《祝福》的戏剧改编研究(1946—2021)

A Study of the Dramatic Adaptation of Lu Xun's Novel New Year's Sacrifice(1946—2021)

《祝福》作为鲁迅批判传统思想主题最具代表性的小说之一,深受戏剧改编者的青睐,成为鲁迅小说中戏剧改编频率仅次于《阿Q正传》的文学经典。《祝福》的戏剧改编持续长达近80年,改编成果十分可观,尤其是戏曲改编成果,《祝福》也是鲁迅小说中以戏曲形式改编种类最多的一篇小说。《祝福》的戏剧改编可以从改编史况、改编方法、改编的时代特征等三个方面来考察其整体面貌,不仅能够呈现小说文本与戏剧改编剧本之间的关系,还能发掘不同的戏剧改编者演绎小说《祝福》的不同观念、方式,以及改编背后的历史、文化、技术等背景,以深入思考如何改编才能更好地阐释、传播、传承文学经典,从而使文学经典具有历久弥新的艺术生命力。

As one of Lu Xun's most representative novels themed on the traditional thought criticism,New Year's Sacrifice has been favored by drama editors and has become a literary classic whose drama adaptation frequency is second only to The True Story of Ah Q among Lu Xun's novels.The dramatic adaptation of New Year's Sacrifice has lasted for nearly 80 years,and the adaptation results are very remarkable,especially in the form of traditional Chinese opera,thus New Year's Sacrifice is the most widely adapted novel in the form of the traditional Chinese opera among Lu Xun's novels.The dramatic adaptation of New Year's Sacrifice can be examined from three perspectives:the historical situation of adaptation,the method of adaptation and the features of the adaptaion era,which can not only present the relationship between the novel text and the drama adaptation script,but also explore the different concepts and ways of interpreting the novel New Year's Sacrifice by different dramatists,as well as the historical,cultural and technological background behind the adaptation,so as to consider how to better interpret,spread and inherit literary classics through dramatic adaptation,so that literary classics can have a long-lasting artistic vitality.