海南古代文献所述土著族群辨析

An Analysis of Indigenous Ethnic Groups Described in Ancient Hainan Documents

当前学术界有关海南古代历史的研究,存在把海南汉唐间出现的土著人群都当作黎族先民,把宋代以后文献中的“黎”都当作黎族的简单化和泛化倾向。事实上,先秦时期迁居海南的人群,除了黎族先民之外,还有临高语族群祖先等。讨论海南古代土著人群的历史,要把所有人考虑在内。汉唐史书所述海南汉代土著居民并非主要指黎族先民,而应主要指临高语族群祖先。宋代方志所说的海南以织棉布为业者并非黎族妇女,而应是临高语族群妇女。宋代苏轼、李光所记载的黎人也多指临高语族群。明清时期临高语族群仍被当作黎族。因此,研究者在使用相关史料时,要谨慎地加以辨别。

At present,there is a tendency in the academic community to simplify and generalize the research on the ancient history of Hainan by treating the indigenous groups that appeared between the Han and Tang dynasties in Hainan as ancestors of the Li ethnic group,and treating the“Li”in docuemnts after the Song Dynasty as the Li ethnic group.In fact,in the pre-Qin period,in addition to the ancestors of the Li ethnic group,there were also ancestors of the Lingao dialect group who migrated to Hainan.Therefore,it is important to consider all ethnic groups in the discussion of the history of ancient indigenous people in Hainan.According to the historical records of the Han and Tang dynasties,the indigenous residents of Hainan during the Han Dynasty do not mainly refer to the ancestors of the Li ethnic group,but mainly to the ancestors of the Lingao dialect group.According to the local chronicles of the Song Dynasty,cotton-weaving workers in Hainan were not Li ethnic women,but women from the Lingao dialect group.Moreover,the Li people recorded by Su Shi and Li Guang in the Song Dynasty also refer to persons from the Lingao dialect group,and even during the Ming and Qing dynasties,the Lingao dialect group was still regarded as the Li ethnic group.Therefore,in the use of relevant historical materials,caution should be exercised in distinguishing them.