轻罪立法的推进与附随后果的变更

The Legislative Development concerning Minor Offenses and the Changes to Be Made concerning Incidental Consequences

区分重罪与轻罪,不仅有利于节省刑法条文的表述,而且有利于实现刑法的明确性,贯彻罪刑法定原则。对“轻罪”适用《治安管理处罚法》,不利于实现程序正义和保障人权;对“轻罪”规定较轻的法定刑,符合法治原则与比例原则。其他法律、法规等对犯罪规定的终身性附随后果,既与刑事法律的相关规定不协调,也不符合宪法规定,缺乏合理性;不应以附随后果的严厉性为根据否认轻罪立法,而应修改有关附随后果的规定,继续推进和完善轻罪立法;与其在保留现行有关犯罪附随后果规定的前提下建立前科消灭制度,不如删除其他法律、法规有关犯罪附随后果的规定,同时完善刑法中的附加刑(资格刑),将禁止在一定期限内从事特定职务或者职业规定为既可附加适用也可独立适用、既可择一适用也可合并适用的资格刑,该资格刑的适用以必要性与关联性为前提。

The differentiation of minor offenses from serious crimes contributes not only to the conciseness and clarity of the provisions of criminal law,but also to implementing the principle of legality in punishment.If the"minor offenses"are only considered to be in violation of the Security Administration Punishment Act,it hinders procedural justice and protection of human rights.Thus,it is better to establish lighter statutory punishment for the"minor offenses,"which is in line with the principle of rule of law and the principle of proportionality.It lacks rationality to include the incidental lifelong consequential effect in other laws,regulations and provisions,for it not only contradicts with relevant provisions of Criminal Law,but also violates the constitutional requirements.Instead of denying legislation on minor offenses in criminal law on the ground of the severity of consequential effects,it is more appropriate to continue to advance and refine criminal legislation on minor offenses and amend the current provisions concerning consequential effects in non-criminal laws.Rather than implementing a system for expunging criminal records while retaining current provisions on consequential effects,it would be better to remove provisions in other laws and regulations related to consequential effects of crimes,while enhancing additional penalties(qualifying penalties)in criminal law.This could involve imposing restrictions on specific positions or professions for a certain period,which can be applied as an additional or independent penalty,and can be selectively or collectively applied,with the prerequisites of necessity and relevance.