约束数字守门人:超大型数字平台加重义务研究

Regulating Digital Gatekeepers:Enhanced Duties for Mega Digital Platforms

数字时代,超大型数字平台正在不断聚集数据权力并对用户隐私与信息自主以及公平竞争等产生显著影响。作为数字守门人,一方面,超大型数字平台应承担用户守护者的角色,因此,在数据法上应负担额外的隐私与数据保护义务以及避免用户受第三方侵害的“准监管”义务,本质上,这也是民法上高度注意义务的直接体现;另一方面,超大型数字平台还应承担反垄断法上的数字竞争促进义务。颇具挑战的问题是,围绕个人数据,隐私或数据保护与竞争促进呈现高度交织与冲突趋势。这也意味着无论是反垄断法抑或数据保护法都无法独自发挥作用,唯有打破两者之间的藩篱,才能更好地化解隐私与竞争这对法益之间的潜在冲突。

In the digital era,mega digital platforms are continuously amassing data power,exerting significant influence over users'privacy,information autonomy and fair competition.As digital gatekeepers,these platforms have a dual role to fulfill.On one hand,they should act as guardians of user interests,which entails assuming additional obligations for privacy protection and data security under data laws.They also bear"quasi-regulatory"duty to prevent user harm third party infringements.In essence,this directly reflects the heightened duty of care in civil law.On the other hand,mega digital platforms are also obligated to promote digital competition under antitrust laws.A challenging issue arises from the intricate interplay and potential conflicts between privacy and personal data use,between data protection and competition promotion.This implies that neither antitrust law nor data protection law can independently address the complexities.Only by breaking down the barriers between the two can we effectively reconcile the potential conflicts between privacy and competition,two essential legal interests.