商业数据的私法保护与路径选择

Private Law Protection for Commercial Data and Its Path

目前作为新生产要素的数据的界权、交易与保护议题颇受关注,特别是其中可流通并具有经济价值的商业数据。当前法学界对商业数据提出的保护进路,大致有“商业数据财产权论”“商业数据控制权论”“商业数据‘权利束’论”以及“商业数据权论”几种观点,但上述观点都有其不足。笔者基于商业数据蕴含的多重私权属性以及其独创性的不同程度,并以司法适用的一般原理和请求权基础检索为依据,在现有私法制度内提出由知识产权、民法、反不正当竞争法所构成的“商业数据综合保护论”及其渐进式“三层五步走”具体保护路径,以期在现行法框架下促进商业数据的共享利用与有序保护。

At present,there is significant attention on the issues of data ownership,transactions and protection,especially regarding commercially valuable data that can be traded as new factors of production.The existing approaches proposed by legal scholars to address these issues can be broadly categorized into the following schools:"commercial data property rights,""commercial data control rights,""'bundle of rights'of commercial data"and"commercial data rights."However,these theories have their respective limitations.And the approach of granting new rights should be temporarily set aside,due to the risk of failed institutional innovation.Based on the multiple attributes of private rights inherent in commercial data and its varying degrees of originality,as well as drawing on general principles of judicial application and the basis of rights claim,the author proposes a"comprehensive theory for the protection of commercial data"within the existing framework of private law.This theory encompasses intellectual property rights,civil law and anti-unfair competition law,and presents a specific progressive"three-layer,five-step"protection path.Its goal is to promote the shared use and orderly protection of commercial data within the current legal framework.