技术与人力网络结构对银行绩效的影响——基于银行网点空间竞争的全景研究

The impact of technical and human network structure on bank performance:A panoramic research based on spatial competition of bank branches

自2015年以来,随着互联网金融的冲击,银行面临着网点转型或裁撤的巨大压力.新增或裁撤网点对银行绩效会产生什么样的影响?应该新增或裁撤什么类型的网点?这是银行管理者急需解决的问题.为了帮助银行更好地优化其零售网络,本研究运用2015年—2018年的243家银行40余万的银行网点数据和银行周边的开源全景数据,使用岭回归面板模型和基于Hausedorff距离的SAR空间面板模型分析了银行零售网络规模和网点负载对绩效的影响.研究发现:技术型零售网络规模和人力型零售网络规模对银行绩效有显著的正U型影响.并且进一步研究发现,网点负载能调节技术型零售网络规模和人力型零售网络规模对银行绩效的影响,具体地,技术型网点和人力型网点的负载增大时能够增强技术型零售网络规模对银行绩效的正U型影响,但同时也会削弱人力型零售网络规模对银行绩效的正U型影响.本文的研究结论不仅丰富了银行业零售网络空间竞争的研究,同时也为营销学者和管理人员进行网络布局提供了启示.

Banks have been facing great pressures to transform or cut down their branches with the development of online finance since 2015.What are the influences of oppening new branches or cutting down old branches on bank performance?Which type of branches should be oppened or cut down?This is an urgent issue for bank managers.In order to help banks better optimize their retail networks,this research uses data of over 400000 bank branches,including their panoramic open sources data,of 243 banks from 2015 to 2018.Ridge regression panel model and SAR spatial panel model based on Hausedorff distance are adopted to analyze the effects of retail network scale and network load on bank performance.The findings show that the scale of technical retail network and human retail network has a significant positive U-shaped influence on bank performance.Furthermore,network load can moderate the influence of the scale of technical retail network and human retail network on bank performance.Specifically,the increase of the load of technical retail network and human retail network can enhance the positive U-shaped influence of technical retail network scale on bank performance,but weaken the positive U-shaped influence of human retail network scale on bank performance in the meantime.The conclusions can not only enrich research about retail network space competition in banking industry,but also provide inspirations for marketing scholars and managers to conduct network arrangement.