护士心理资本及工作场所暴力与职业倦怠的相关分析

Analysis of correlation between psychological capital,workplace violence and job burnout in nurses

目的 了解护理人员心理资本、工作场所暴力与职业倦怠的关系,为管理者制定针对性策略降低护士职业倦怠提供参考依据。方法 2022年4—5月,采用便利抽样法选取湖南省11所医院的1 541名护士作为调查对象,采用一般资料问卷、工作场所暴力问卷、心理资本量表和职业倦怠量表对其进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 1 541名护士的心理资本总分为(88.71±17.08)分,工作场所暴力总分为(2.00±2.35)分,职业倦怠总分为(49.08±13.78)分;护士心理资本与工作场所暴力呈负相关,与情绪衰竭、玩世不恭呈负相关,与低成就感呈正相关(r=-0.252、-0.357、-0.313、0.277,均P<0.01);工作场所暴力与情绪衰竭、玩世不恭呈正相关,与低成就感呈负相关,与心理资本呈负相关(r=0.297、0.277、-0.090、-0.252,均P<0.01);影响护士职业倦怠的相关因素有出生地、所在医院、晚夜班总个数、薪酬与劳动强度匹配。结论 提高护士心理资本有利于降低工作场所暴力和护士职业倦怠水平。提示护理管理者应注重护士心理资本的培养和提高,以降低工作场所暴力的发生率,促进护士职业认同,降低职业倦怠及离职率,稳定医院护理人才队伍。

Objective To explore the relationship between psychological capital,workplace violence and job burnout in nurses,provide a theoretical basis for managers to develop targeted strategies to reduce nurses'job burnout.Methods From April to May 2022,1541 nurses from 11 hospitals in Hunan Province were selected by convenience sampling method,the survey was performed on them using a general information questionnaire,workplace violence questionnaire,psychological capital scale,and occupational burnout scale,and the data were analyzed.Results The total score of psychological capital,workplace violence and job burnout in 1541 nurses was(88.71±17.08),(2.00±2.35)and(49.08±13.78)points,respectively.The psychological capital of nurses was negatively associated with workplace violence,negatively associated with emotional failure and cynicism,and positively associated with low achievement(r=-0.252,-0.357,-0.313,0.277,all P<0.01).The workplace violence was positively associated with emotional exhaustion,cynicism,negatively associated with low sense of achievement,and negatively associated with psychological capital(r=0.297,0.277,-0.090,-0.252,all P<0.01).The related factors affecting nurses job burnout were place of birth,hospital,total number of late night shifts,and matching between salary and labor intensity.Conclusions Improving nurses psychological.capital is beneficial to reduce the occurrence of workplace violence and job burnout.It is suggested that nursing managers should pay attention to the cultivation and improvement of nurses'psychological capital,so as to reduce workplace violence,promote nurses professional identity,reduce job burnout and turnover rate,and stabilize the nursing talent team in the hospital.