基于宏基因组技术分析产褥期新生儿肠道菌群变化的研究

Analysis of changes in the intestinal flora of neonates during puerperium based on metagenomic technology

目的研究影响产褥期新生儿肠道微生物群的建立过程中的因素。方法采用宏基因组技术,对不同喂养方式、出生方式和性别的4名在月子会所中产褥期新生儿肠道微生物生态系统形成的过程进行研究。结果新生儿肠道菌群多样性均明显增加,满月时新生儿肠道菌群中存在显著差异的纲为拟杆菌和放线菌(P<0.05)。母乳与婴儿配方奶粉间隔喂养的混合喂养的新生儿肠道中乳酸杆菌比例显著低于母乳喂养方式的新生儿。母乳喂养的新生儿肠道菌群多样性较低,而混合喂养的新生儿菌群结构则多样性高,拟杆菌、肠杆菌、梭菌的丰度高于母乳喂养的新生儿。在纲水平上,母乳喂养与混合喂养组肠道菌群中存在显著差异的菌为杆菌。满月时女婴肠道菌群物种组成与男婴相比更丰富、分布均匀度更高。结论喂养方式、分娩方式、性别均在不同程度上影响产褥期新生儿肠道微生物的构成。

Objective The factors affecting the establishment of the neonatal gut microbiota during puerperium were studied.Methods Metagenomic technology was used to study the formation of the gut microbial ecosystem of four neonates in confinement during the puerperium,using different feeding methods,birth methods and genders.Results The diversity of neonatal gut microbiota increased significantly from birth to 30 d,and the classes with significant differences in neonatal gut microbiota in the first month were Bacteroides and Actinomyces.The proportion of lactobacilli in the gut of mixed-fed neonates,who were fed breastmilk and infant formula at intervals,was significantly lower than that of neonates who were breastfed.Breastfed neonates had lower gut flora diversity compared to mixed-fed neonates.Mixedfed neonates had higher gut flora diversity compared to breastfed neonates,the abundance of Bacteroides,Enterobacter and Clostridium was higher than that of breastfed newborns.The order of bacteria with significant differences in the intestinal flora of the breastfeeding and mixed-feeding groups was Bacillus.Additionally,the intestinal flora composition of female infants in the first month was more abundant and evenly distributed than that of male infants.Conclusion Feeding mode,delivery mode,and gender can affect the composition of intestinal microorganisms in newborns during puerperium in varying degrees.