短期摄入甜菜根汁对足球运动员体能和认知能力影响

Effects of short-term intake of beetroot juice on physical and cognitive performance of football players

目的评估连续3天摄入甜菜根汁(BRJ)对足球运动员爆发力、反复冲刺能力和疲劳状况下认知水平的影响。方法本研究招募24名男性大学生足球运动员,采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照实验设计,分为对照组、低剂量组[每天分2次共摄入300 mL(0.53%NO_(3)^(-))BRJ]、高剂量组[每天分2次共摄入300 mL(4%NO_(3)^(-)),BRJ],受试者首先进行前测[反向跳跃(CMJ)、有Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试(YY1R)、stroop色词测试]建立基线,进行3天不同NO_(3)^(-)浓度BRJ或安慰剂补充,期间保持正常训练生活。最后1次补充BRJ后2 h后进行检测。结果经过短期BRJ补充,YY1R方面,低剂量组和高剂量组相较于对照组,跑动距离指标显著增加(P<0.05),且高剂量组的跑动距离明显多于低剂量组(P<0.05)。测试过程中,第1~12趟冲刺的RPE,各组间没有显著性差异(P>0.05);第13~20趟冲刺对照组RPE值显著高于低剂量和高剂量组(P<0.05)。在CMJ方面,低剂量组和高剂量组相较于对照组,跳跃高度和功率上均显著提升(P<0.05),且高剂量组明显高于低剂量组(P<0.05)。在stroop色词测验方面,低剂量组和高剂量组相较于对照组,正确率显著提升、反应时间显著缩短(P<0.05)。结论短期摄入BRJ可显著增强足球运动员的爆发力和反复冲刺能力,并能缓解反复冲刺带来的身体不适感,同时能够缓解高强度运动后认知能力的下降。

Objective To assess the effects of three consecutive days of beetroot juice(BRJ)consumption on the explosive power,repeated sprint ability,and cognitive performance of soccer players with fatigue.Methods A total of 24 male university soccer players were recruited for this randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled experiment.They were divided into three groups:control,low-dose(300 mL/d with 0.53%NO_(3)^(-)),and high-dose(300 mL/d with 4%NO_(3)^(-))BRJ supplementation.Baseline measurements including countermovement jumps(CMJ),Yo-Yo intermittent recovery(YY1R),and Stroop color-word tests were recorded.The participants consumed BRJ or a placebo for 3 d while maintaining their normal training and lifestyle routines.The final measurements were recorded 2 h after the last BRJ supplementation.Results Following short-term BRJ supplementation,individuals in both the low-and high-dose groups achieved significantly higher running distances than those in the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,individuals in the high-dose group achieved a significantly greater running distance than those in the low-dose group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in ratings of perceived exertion(RPE)among the groups during the first 12 sprints(P>0.05).However,during sprints 13-20,individuals in the control group achieved significantly higher RPE values than those in the low-and high-dose groups(P<0.05).In terms of CMJ,compared to individuals in the control group,those in the lowand high-dose groups showed significant improvements in jump height and power(P<0.05),with those in the high-dose group showing greater improvements than those in the low-dose group(P<0.05).In the Stroop color-word test,compared to individuals in the control group,those in the low-and high-dose groups exhibited significant improvements in accuracy and reduced reaction times(P<0.05).Conclusion We demonstrated that short-term BRJ supplementation significantly enhanced explosive power and repeated sprint ability in soccer players.It also alleviated the discomfort associated with repeated sprints and mitigated the decline in cognitive performance following high-intensity exercise.