卡米诺·西特城建理论影响下的青岛德占时期公共空间研究

Research on Qingdao public space under the influence of Camillo Sitte’s urbanism theory during the German occupation period

青岛德占时期城市规划是西方现代规划思想在中国应用的最早实例之一,并突出体现在其公共空间设计当中。基于历史图像、地图、文献相结合的研究方法,通过分析1914年青岛区(Tsingtau)公共空间的平面布局和空间特征,归纳出规划者通过“有机构图、动态对景、丁字交叉”的街道、“连续界面、轴线控制、相称比例、涡轮形制”的广场、“环线串联、步行可达、城区分界”的公共空间组合三条设计策略,实现了卡米诺·西特城建理论的在青应用。旨在从规划思想角度探究青岛城市形态下的内在逻辑,以期为青岛历史城区保护提供理论依据。

Qingdao urban planning during the period of German occupation is one of the earliest examples of the application of modern Western planning ideas in China,and is prominently reflected in its public space design.Based on a combined use of historical images,maps and documents,this study summarizes the layout and spatial characteristics of the public space in Tsingtau in 1914,and analyzes how the planners realized the application of the Camillo Sitte's theory of urbanism in Qingdao with three design strategies,i.e.,streets with “organic composition,dynamic counterpoint and T-crossing”,squares with “continuous interface,axis control,proportional scale and turbine plaza”,and public space combination with “ring road,walking distance and urban division”.This study aims to explore the inner logic of Qingdao's urban form from the perspective of planning ideas,and to provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of Qingdao's historic districts.