基于16S rRNA分析不同肥料对辣椒根际细菌群落的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizers on Rhizosphere Bacterial Community of Pepper Based on 16S rRNA

设施大棚土壤往往存在施用肥料种类复杂、肥料施用量过大、肥料利用率低、土壤板结等问题。为明确施用不同肥料对辣椒根际细菌群落的影响,试验采用盆栽控水法,设5个处理:未施肥土壤(CK)、添加微生物菌液态肥(A)、添加商品无机复合肥(B)、添加商品有机复合肥(C)、添加腐熟辣椒秸秆(D),并测定辣椒生长指标、土壤理化性质及微生物多样性。结果表明:B、C、D处理的辣椒生长优于CK和A处理,其中C、D处理根系活力显著高于其他处理,分别是39.99和42.37μg/(h·g)。C处理土壤有效氮、磷、钾及有机质含量最高,但在土壤孔隙度中是D处理最高,达69.85%。微生物比较中,C和D处理独有OTU个数高于CK、A、B处理。门水平中丰度排名前5的分别是放线菌Actinobacteria、变形菌Proteobacteria、绿弯菌Chloroflexi、厚壁菌Firmicutes、酸杆菌Acidobacteria。Tukey HSD分析表明,仅变形菌Proteobacteria和酸杆菌Acidobacteria有显著性差异。进一步指示物种分析表明,C处理中具有较多指示物种,如浮霉状细菌、OLB14、Sericytochromatia、Gitt-GS-136等。这些微生物在土壤有机物质周转、碳循环、腐殖质形成中发挥重要作用。环境因子分析中,有效氮和EC值与微生物关联最密切,对微生物群落影响最大,其次是有效磷和钾,最后是总孔隙度和有机质。结果表明,添加有机复合肥提高了辣椒生长质量,同时对根际土壤微生物群落有显著的影响,促进了有益微生物在土壤中的富集,改善了土壤质量。这为辣椒种植土壤生态环境改良,促进辣椒根际有益微生物的富集,优化种植技术提供了指导。

Facility greenhouse soil often exists in the application of complex fertilizer types,and the fertilizer application rate is too large,low fertilizer utilization rate,soil crusting,and other problems.The experiment was conducted in pots with a water control method with five treatments:unfertilized soil(CK),added microbial liquid fertilizer(A),added commercial inorganic compound fertilizer(B),added commercial organic compound fertilizer(C),and added rotted chili straw(D),and to determine the growth indexes of chili,the physicochemical properties of the soil,and the diversity of microorganisms,to clarify the effect of different fertilizers on the inter-root bacterial community of chili.The results showed that the growth of chili in B,C,and D treatments was better than that in CK and A treatments,in which the root vigor of C and D treatments was significantly higher than that of the other treatments were 39.99μg·h^(–1)·g^(–1)and 42.37μg·h^(–1)·g^(–1),respectively.The C treatment had the highest content of affective soil nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and organic matter,but the D treatment had the highest soil porosity,up to 69.85%.In microbiological comparison,the number of unique OTUs was larger in C and D treatments than in CK,A,and B treatments.The top 5 in abundance at the phylum levels were Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,Firmicutes,and Acidobacteria,and Tukey HSD analysis showed that only Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were significant.Acidobacteria were significantly different.Indicator species analysis showed that C treatment had more indicator species,such as Proteobacteria florescent,OLB14,Sericytochromatia,Gitt-GS-136,etc.These microorganisms play a vital role in soil organic matter turnover,carbon cycling,and humus formation.The affective nitrogen and EC values were most closely associated with microorganisms and the highest impact on microbial communities in the environmental factor analysis,followed by affective phosphorus and potassium,and final total porosity and organic matter.The results showed that the organic compound fertilizer addition improved the quality of chili growth,meanwhile having a significant effect on the inter-root soil microbial community,promoting the enrichment of beneficial microorganisms in the soil and improving soil quality.This guides for improving the soil ecological environment of chili cultivation,promoting the enrichment of beneficial microbes in the inter-root of chili,and optimizing the cultivation technology.