组学技术在红曲霉研究中应用的进展

Application Progress of Omics Technology in Monascus sp.Research

组学技术的发展拓展了人们对红曲霉生长发育、代谢产物的合成及代谢调控机制的认知。总结了近年来红曲霉组学研究的现状及热点问题,从基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学及代谢组学等多个维度剖析了组学技术在红曲霉研究中的应用状况。基因组学主要用于探讨红曲霉的进化地位、基因簇的预测与挖掘、同源基因的比对及代谢途径分析等;红曲霉生长和代谢过程中基因或基因簇的转录表达、代谢调控机制及新转录调控因子的预测和挖掘是转录组学的应用范围;蛋白质组学主要涉及红曲霉代谢过程中重要酶类的功能解析及其参与代谢产物的机制解析;而代谢组学则以红曲霉代谢产物为基础,解析其潜在的代谢机制。阐述了红曲霉代表性次级代谢产物之一——红曲色素在研究和生产中面临的问题,并围绕调控红曲色素生产的高效化、精细化、安全性等方面,总结了基于组学技术的菌种选育、培养基优化、化学和物理因素调节及菌株的代谢改造等调控技术。对综合运用组学技术围绕红曲色素代谢调控的研究提出了展望,以期为推动红曲霉研究及其代谢产物的生产提供参考。

The development of omics technologies(OTs)has expanded our understanding of growth and development,synthesis of metabolites,and the mechanisms of metabolic regulation in Monascus sp..In this study,the current status and hot topics of Monascus sp.omics research in recent years were summarized.The application of OTs in Monascus sp.was analyzed from multiple dimensions,including genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics.In Monascus sp.,genomics was mainly used to explore the evolutionary status,predict and mine gene clusters,and analyze homologous genes and metabolic pathways.Transcriptomics focused on the transcriptional expression of genes or gene clusters during growth and metabolism of Monascus sp.,as well as the prediction and exploration of metabolism regulatory mechanisms and novel transcriptional regulatory factors.Proteomics mainly involved the functional analysis of important enzymes in metabolism process and the metabolic mechanisms they participate in.Metabolomics aimed to analyze potential metabolic mechanisms based on metabolites in Monascus sp..The challenges of research and production faced by a representative secondary metabolite,monascus pigments were also discussed.To regulate the pigments production efficiently,precisely,and safely,various control technologies based on OTs were classified and summarized,including strain selection and breeding,culture medium optimization,chemical and physical regulation,and strain metabolic modification.Finally,prospects for the comprehensive application of OTs to solve the metabolic regulation of the pigments were proposed,aiming to provide references for promoting research of Monascus sp.and the production of its metabolites.