遗传咨询在我国口腔医学领域的应用现状与展望

Application status and prospect of genetic counseling in stomatology in China

口腔遗传病与罕见病是一类特殊的口腔疾病,其患病率低、临床特征复杂、病情较重,该类疾病除了常规口腔诊治外,还应开展包括遗传咨询在内的多学科诊治。本文回顾了遗传咨询的基本内容,目前我国口腔领域遗传咨询的应用现状以及面临的问题,如缺乏开展遗传咨询的人员和遗传咨询知识普及程度不高等。同时,笔者对未来如何促进遗传咨询在口腔领域的应用,提出应开展口腔医师的遗传培训、促进医学遗传学知识与口腔知识的融合以及学科合作、加强口腔疾病遗传咨询的规范化建设等。

Oral genetic diseases and rare diseases are special oral diseases with low prevalence,complex clinical characteristics and serious condition.In addition to regular oral diagnosis and treatment,multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment including genetic counseling should also be carried out for such diseases.This article reviews the basic content of genetic counseling,the current application status of genetic counseling in the field of stomatology in China and the problems faced,such as the lack of genetic counseling personnel and the popularization of genetic counseling knowledge.Aims to promote the application of genetic counseling in dental practice in the future,it is proposed to carry out genetic training for stomatologists,promote the integration of medical genetic expertise and oral knowledge,as well as discipline cooperation,and strengthen the standardization of genetic counseling for oral diseases.