陕西省关中地区城市绿化灌木的景观与生态服务功能调查分析

Ecological Service Function Evaluation of Urban Greening Shrubs in Guanzhong Region,Shaanxi Province

[目的]以景观服务和生态服务功能相结合的综合评价筛选树种,为城市绿化树种选择提供科学指导。[方法]通过对树种的景观服务功能(绿量、绿叶期、美观度)和生态服务功能(涵养水分、滞尘、造氧固碳、降温增湿、降噪)2个方面选取的10个指标的调查与测定,运用主成分分析法构建灌木树种的综合评价模型,对陕西关中地区城市常见26种绿化灌木进行评价。[结果]①根据景观服务功能综合评价排序结果,小叶女贞(Ligustrumquihoui)、法国冬青(Viburnumodoratissinum)、红叶石楠(Photiniafraseri)、贴梗海棠(Chaenomelesspeciosa)、大叶黄杨(Buxusmegistophylla)、海桐(Pittosporumtobira)和雀舌黄杨(Buxusbodinieri)的综合评价分值最高(0.63~1.96),在美化、造景等方面是优选树种。②根据生态服务功能综合评价排序结果,小叶女贞、法国冬青、贴梗海棠、红叶石楠、海桐、火棘(Pyracanthafortuneana)的评价分值最高(0.7~3.04),在改善生态方面能力较为突出。③根据景观服务与生态服务相结合的综合评价结果,得分高的有小叶女贞(3.54)、法国冬青(2.86)、贴梗海棠(2.05)、红叶石楠(1.72)和海桐(1.38)等。[结论]按不同需求优先选择评分高的树种,可为城市生态园林工程建设中绿化树种的选择和应用提供依据。

[Objective]The landscapes and ecological service functions were comprehensively evaluated in order to provide scientific guidance for the selection of urban greening shrub species.[Methods]Several indexes including landscape service functions(such as greenness quantity,leaf greening period,aesthetic degree)and ecological service functions(such as water conservation,dust retention,oxygen generation while carbon fixation,cooling while humidifying,noise reduction)were investigated and measured,and a comprehensive evaluation model was built by using principal component analysis(PCA)to evaluate 26 common urban greening shrub species in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi Province.[Results]①According to the ranking results of the comprehensive evaluation of landscape service functions,Ligustrum quihoui,Viburnum odoratissinum,Photinia fraseri,Chaenomeles speciosa,Buxus megistophylla,Pittosporum tobira,and Buxus bodinieri received the highest grades of comprehensive evaluation(0.63—1.96)and proved to be the preferred shrub species in landscape beautification.②According to the ranking results of the comprehensive evaluation of ecological service functions,L.quihoui,V.odoratissinum,C.speciosa,P.fraseri,P.tobira and Pyracantha fortuneana received the highest grades of evaluation(0.70—3.04)and performed outstanding in ecological improvement.③According to the comprehensive evaluation of landscape services combined with ecological services,the shrubs that received higher grades were L.quihoui(3.54),V.odoratissinum(2.86),C.speciosa(2.05),P.fraseri(1.72),and P.tobira(1.38).[Conclusion]Shrub species with higher grades should be selected preferentially according to different needs,thous can provide a basis for the selection and cultivation of greening shrub species in urban ecological gardens.