摘要
[目的]通过分析十大孔兑水土流失面积、强度及水土流失动态变化,为流域综合治理提供参考依据。[方法]基于全国土壤侵蚀遥感调查结果和全国水土流失动态监测成果,对比分析流域水土流失及其分布、动态变化。[结果]十大孔兑流域植被面积占流域面积的63.97%,以中低覆盖和低覆盖为主,分别占植被覆盖面积的48.85%和36.54%。2021年水土流失面积为4374.98 km 2,占流域面积的40.63%;与2020年、1999年和1985年相比,2021年水土流失分别减少46.32,3664.50,4958.03 km 2,水土流失主要分布在草地、林地、耕地和其他土地4个地类上,占水土流失总面积的96.69%。[结论]十大孔兑依然是黄河流域水土流失治理的难点地区,高强度侵蚀减少与年度监测成果未考虑沟道侵蚀有关;该区应坚持以“以沙棘种植为主的植被建设,以淤地坝建设为重点的工程布局,以锁边固沙为前提的治沙方针,大力推进拦沙换水试点工程”的流域综合治理策略。
[Objective]The area,intensity and dynamic changes of soil and water loss in the Ten Tongduis of the Yellow River were analyzed in order to provide a reference for the comprehensive management of the basin.[Methods]Based on the national remote sensing survey results of soil erosion and the national dynamic monitoring results of soil and water loss,the distribution and dynamic changes of soil and water loss in the basin were compared and analyzed.[Results]The vegetation area accounted for 63.97%of the Ten Kongduis of the Yellow River basin,mainly with medium-low and low vegetation coverage accounting for 48.85%and 36.54%of the vegetation coverage area respectively.The area of soil and water loss was 4374.98 km 2,accounting for 40.63%of the basin area in 2021.Compared with 2021,soil and water loss were lower in 2020,1999,and 1985 by 46.32,3664.50,and 4958.03 km 2,respectively.Soil and water loss were mainly located in grassland,forest land,arable land and other land,accounting for 96.69%of the total area of soil and water loss.[Conclusion]The Ten Kongduis are still a difficult area to control soil erosion in the Yellow River basin.The reduction of high intensity erosion is related to the failure to consider channel erosion in annual monitoring results.This area should adhere to the comprehensive management strategy of“vegetation construction based on Hippophae rhamnoides planting,engineering layout focusing on the construction of silting dam,sand control policy based on the premise of border locking and sand fixation,and vigorously promote the pilot project of sand containment and water exchange”.
作者
张建国
李骁
李晶晶
常斐杨
Zhang Jianguo;Li Xiao;Li Jingjing;Chang Feiyang(Upper and Middle Yellow River,YRCC,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710021,China;Soil and Water Conservation Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Loess Plateau,Ministry of Water Resources,Xi’an,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期159-164,共6页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
黄委优秀青年人才科技项目“黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤侵蚀模型参数本地化研究”(HQK-202303)
水利部财政预算项目“全国水土流失动态监测项目”(12620134000918001)
陕西省重点研发计划(2022ZDLSF02-09)。
关键词
十大孔兑
水土流失
动态变化
水土流失治理
沟蚀
The Ten Kongduis
soil and water loss
dynamic change
soil and water loss control
gully erosion