江苏省淮安市2018-2022年成蚊种群密度与季节消长监测分析

Adult mosquito population density and seasonal fluctuation in Huai’an,Jiangsu Province,China,2018-2022

目的了解江苏省淮安市2018-2022年蚊种构成、种群密度及季节消长情况,为淮安市蚊虫及蚊媒传染病防治工作提供依据。方法收集整理淮安市2018-2022年采用诱蚊灯法监测的成蚊密度数据,分析蚊种构成、种群密度和季节消长趋势;分别采用χ^(2)检验和Welch方差分析对蚊种构成比、不同生境蚊密度进行分析。结果2018-2022年淮安市优势蚊种为淡色库蚊,年际间各蚊种构成比差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);不同生境类型中除牲畜棚捕获蚊种主要为三带喙库蚊外,其他生境均以淡色库蚊为主,不同生境蚊种构成比差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22424.835,P<0.001);不同生境类型蚊密度以牲畜棚最高,为3.62只(/灯·h),居民区最低,为0.92只(/灯·h),Welch方差分析不同生境蚊密度差异有统计学意义(F=5.843,P=0.013);2018-2022年淮安市蚊密度季节消长变化均表现为单峰型,2019、2020和2022年每年7月达到密度峰值,而2018年蚊密度峰值出现在8月,2021年出现在6月;不同蚊种、不同生境蚊密度季节消长趋势均呈单峰型,7月蚊密度最高。结论淮安市不同生境蚊种构成和蚊密度有所不同,牲畜棚蚊密度最高,是蚊虫防制的重点生境;6-9月是蚊虫活跃期,应根据蚊虫活动规律加强此阶段的蚊虫防制。

Objective To investigate the species composition,population density,and seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes in Huai’an,Jiangsu Province,China from 2018 to 2022,so as to provide a scientific basis for the control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne infectious diseases.Methods The adult mosquito density data monitored by lamp trapping method in Huai’an from 2018 to 2022 were collected,and the species composition,population density,and seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes were analyzed.The mosquito species composition ratio was compared using the Chi-squared test.The mosquito density in different habitats was analyzed using Welch’s analysis of variance.Results Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant mosquito species in Huai’an from 2018 to 2022.The species composition ratio was statistically different between different years(all P<0.001).Cx.tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant mosquito species in livestock sheds,while Cx.pipiens pallens was the dominant mosquito species in the other habitats,with a statistical difference in the species composition ratio between different habitats(χ^(2)=22424.835,P<0.001).Among different habitats,the highest density was in livestock sheds with 3.62 mosquitoes/lamp·h,and the lowest density was in residential areas with 0.92 mosquitoes/lamp·h.Welch’s analysis of variance showed that the mosquito density differed statistically between different habitats(F=5.843,P=0.013).The seasonal fluctuation of mosquito density in Huai’an showed a unimodal curve in each year of 2018 to 2022,with the peaks occurring in July for 2019,2020,and 2022,in August for 2018,and in June for 2021.The seasonal fluctuation of mosquito density showed a single-peak pattern in different habitats and for different species,with the highest densities in July.Conclusions The species composition and density of mosquitoes differed in different habitats of Huai’an.The highest mosquito density was in livestock sheds,which should be the key area for mosquito control.Mosquitoes were most active during June to September,and mosquito control should be strengthened based on mosquito activity patterns in this period.